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pharmaceuticals Article Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Odontosoria chinensis (L.) J. Sm. and Evaluation of their Biological Potentials Marimuthu alias Antonysamy Johnson 1, Thangaiah Shibila 1, Santhanam Amutha 2, Irwin R. A. Menezes 3 , José G. M. da Costa 3, Nadghia F. L. Sampaio 3 and Henrique D. M. Coutinho 3,* 1 2 3 * Correspondence: hdmcoutinho@gmail.com; Tel.: +55-(88)-31021212; Fax: +55-(88)-31021291 Received: 14 March 2020; Accepted: 7 April 2020; Published: 13 April 2020 Centre for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Botany, St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), Palayamkottai, Tamil Nadu 627 002, India; ptcjohnson@gmail.com (M.a.A.J.); anletshibila@gmail.com (T.S.) National Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600025, India; amutha1994santhanam@gmail.com Department of Biological Chemistry, Centre of Biological Science and Health, Regional University of Cariri–URCA, Crato, CE 63105-000, Brazil; irwinalencar@yahoo.com.br (I.R.A.M.); galberto.martins@gmail.com (J.G.M.d.C.); nadghia.fl@gmail.com (N.F.L.S.) Abstract: The present study was aimed to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from the aqueous extracts of Odontosoria chinensis (L.) J. Sm. and the synthesized AgNPs were examined for their biopotentials. The Odontosoria chinensis extracts were added to 1 mM AgNO3 solution with different ratios viz., 0.5:9.5, 1:9, 1.5:8.5 and 2:8 ratios for the reduction of Ag ions. After reduction, the AgNPs of Odontosoria chinensis were analyzed spectroscopically for further confirmation. The synthesized AgNPs of Odontosoria chinensis were characterized by pH, ultra violet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform–infra red spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDAX) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The time taken for the complete reduction of Silver (Ag) in solution to nanoparticle was 10 min. The O. chinensis aqueous extracts mediated silver nanoparticles showed a broad peak with distinct absorption at around 400–420 nm and confirmed the silver nanoparticle formation. FT-IR results also confirmed the existence of organic materials in the silver nanoparticles of O. chinensis. The EDX spectra of AgNPs of O. chinenesis revealed the occurrence of a strong Ag peak. The synthesis of AgNPs of O. chinenesis was confirmed with the existence of a peak at 46.228◦. The toxic potential of AgNPs of O. chinenesis showed varied percentage mortality with the LC50 values of 134.68 μL/ 50 mL and 76.5 μL/50 mL, respectively. The anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic activities of aqueous and AgNPs of O. chinenesis were statistically significant at p < 0.05 level. Conclusion: The results demonstrated the toxicity, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory potential of the studied AgNPs. The synthesized nanoparticles of Odontosoria chinensis could be tested as an alternative to anticancer, anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory drugs. Keywords: anti-diabetic; anti-inflammatory; cytotoxic; silver nanoparticles; Odontosoria chinenesis 1. Introduction Odontosoria chinensis (L.) J. Sm. (Syn. Trichomanes chinensis L. and Sphenomeris chinensis (L.) Maxon) belongs to the family Lindsaeaceae and is a terrestrial herb found at higher altitudes [1]. The plant is used in the treatment of chronic enteritis [2,3]. Toji [4] identified the existence of flavonoids, phenols and steroids in the acetone and methanolic extracts of Odontosoria chinensis. In addition, Toji [4] also observed the antibacterial activity of Odontosoria chinensis acetone extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts fraction showed significant Pharmaceuticals 2020, 13, 66; doi:10.3390/ph13040066 www.mdpi.com/journal/pharmaceuticalsPDF Image | Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Odontosoria chinensis
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