PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 003
S. Gajbhiye, S. Sakharwade 3. Surface Area of Nanoparticles As the size of the particle decreases, their surface area increases leading to an increase in their reactivity [23]. Antibacterial efficiency of Silver nanoparticles increases exponentially due their smaller size [24]. Okkyoung and Zhiqiang also given similar result in the study of surface area of nanoparticles for their antimicrobial prop- erties stating that smaller particles size which has got the larger surface area to the volume ratios have greater antibacterial effect [25]. Similarly Nano silver has healing property and it repairs skin tissue [26]. Ag NPs has anti-inflammatory properties as well. Nadworny et al. confirmed that Ag NPs had anti-inflammatory effects and improved the healing process significantly [27]. 4. Nanoparticles-Penetrate through the Skin? The probable penetration of nano materials through skin when cosmetics are applied is of concern. Skin and hair care formulators exercise due care that the ingredients are delivered at proper sites. The skin is semi permeable in nature; therefore it will not allow even nanomaterials passage through it at ease. The study precisely con- cludes that nanoparticles in current cosmetic use do not penetrate through human skin, even in cases when the skin is damaged [28]. S. Kokura et al. also showed that Ag nanoparticles are not able to penetrate human skin. However, when the barrier function of human skin is disrupted, Ag nanoparticles on the skin surface may penetrate the skin. It may be possible that 0.2% to 2% of Ag nanoparticles could penetrate the skin (0.002 - 0.02 ppm). At these levels Ag nanoparticles did not show any toxicity [29]. Nanoparticles (20 to 200 nm) contacting intact or partially dam- aged skin cannot penetrate skin barrier and permeate to lower strata making them safe as cosmeceuticals [30]. Nanoparticles with a diameter less than 10 nm could reach the deeper layer of the stratum corneum, while np larger than 40 nm could only reach 5 - 8 μm into the stratum corneum [31]. Nanoparticles of chromium, silver, TiO2, and ZnO do not penetrate deeper than the stratum corneum [32]. 5. Silver Nanoparticles in Cosmetics Acute dermal toxicity studies on silver nanoparticle (SNP) gel formulation (S-gel) in Sprague-Dawley rats showed complete safety for topical application. These results clearly indicate that silver nanoparticles could provide a safer alternative to conventional antimicrobial agents in the form of a topical antimicrobial formula- tion [33]. Some special tooth creams for the neck of sensitive teeth contain nanoscale calcium phosphate (apatite) which produces a thin layer similar to natural tooth enamel, which is thus supposed to reduce sensitivity to pain. Tiny particles of nanometer-thin pigment can be found in make-up, nanoparticulate gold and silver is used in certain day and night creams to give the skin a fresher appearance [34]. GNS NanogistnanoverTM Premium make up range contains Nano silver, GNS NanogistnanoverTM Q10 Range contains Nano silver [2]. Nano sil- ver is used in soaps, toothpastes, wet wipes, deodorants, lip products, as well as face and body foams [35]. Skin Cleanser Nano silver containing cleanser soap was claimed to have bactericidal and fungicidal properties and was found useful in treating acne and sun damaged skin [36]. To prevent transmission of infectious diseases high efficacy within short exposure time, are important parameters. Nanosilver in concentration of 15 mg per liter in hand wash was found satisfying both parameters very effectively [19]. Researchers have discovered that silver nanoparticles can also be used to destroy yeasts such as Candida gla- brata and Candida albicans, which cause infections in mouth can be killed by nanosilver and therefore can be incorporated in dentifrices [37]. Hence Silver nanoparticles have application in veterinary, pharmaceutical and biological products [38]. The nano silver skin gel, which contains 30 times less silver than silver sulfadiazine, is better choice for the skin of burn patients to treat infections [39]. 6. Silver Nanoparticles for Nanotoxicology Research It is well documented now that nanosilver has anti bacterial, fungicidal and wound healing properties [19] [37]. These effects are primarily due to a low level of silver ion release from the nanoparticle surface. Elaborate stu- dies also proved that silver nanoparticles are more innocuous than the equivalent mass loading of silver salts [40]. 50PDF Image | Silver Nanoparticles in Cosmetics 2016
PDF Search Title:
Silver Nanoparticles in Cosmetics 2016Original File Name Searched:
Silver_Nanoparticles_in_Cosmetics.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Turbine and System Plans CAD CAM: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. More Info
Waste Heat Power Technology: Organic Rankine Cycle uses waste heat to make electricity, shaft horsepower and cooling. More Info
All Turbine and System Products: Infinity Turbine ORD systems, turbine generator sets, build plans and more to use your waste heat from 30C to 100C. More Info
CO2 Phase Change Demonstrator: CO2 goes supercritical at 30 C. This is a experimental platform which you can use to demonstrate phase change with low heat. Includes integration area for small CO2 turbine, static generator, and more. This can also be used for a GTL Gas to Liquids experimental platform. More Info
Introducing the Infinity Turbine Products Infinity Turbine develops and builds systems for making power from waste heat. It also is working on innovative strategies for storing, making, and deploying energy. More Info
Need Strategy? Use our Consulting and analyst services Infinity Turbine LLC is pleased to announce its consulting and analyst services. We have worked in the renewable energy industry as a researcher, developing sales and markets, along with may inventions and innovations. More Info
Made in USA with Global Energy Millennial Web Engine These pages were made with the Global Energy Web PDF Engine using Filemaker (Claris) software.
Infinity Turbine Developing Spinning Disc Reactor SDR or Spinning Disc Reactors reduce processing time for liquid production of Silver Nanoparticles.
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |