PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 002
www.nature.com/scientificreports/ the body10. Moreover, it was found that MG glycated the receptor proteins located on the surface of cytoplasmic membrane of macrophages11. Since AGEs contribute to the onset of several diseases, including diabetic complications12, inhibitors to pre- vent the formation of AGEs have been extensively investigated over the last few years to minimize their involve- ment in diseases. Notable potential anti-glycating agents have been reported, including aminoguanidine13, aspirin14, vitamin B615, taurine16, quercetin17 and anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen18. Nanotechnology, an interdisciplinary research field involving chemistry, engineering, biology, and medicine, has great potential for early detection, accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment of cancer and other diseases19. Nanoparticles (NPs), which are 100 to 10,000 times smaller than human cells, offer unprecedented interac- tions with biomolecules on both the surface and inside of the cells. AgNPs have been used for numerous physical, biological, and pharmaceutical applications because their small size and similarity to cellular components enables them to enter living cells using cellular endocytosis mechanisms, especially pinocytosis20. Interestingly, AgNPs have been reported to exhibit antibiofilm21, anticancer22, antibacterial23,24 antimicrobial25, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities26–28. A previous study showed that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were potential inhibitors of AGEs formation29. This study was conducted to provide direct evidence of the inhibitory strength of AgNPs in HSA (human serum albumin) glycation using various physicochemical techniques. This information was obtained by the detection of AGE-absorbance and fluorescence, estimation of CML, side chain modification of HSA and study of the secondary structure of HSA after incubation with MG in the presence or absence of varying concentrations of AgNPs. Materials and Methods Preparation of the leaf extract. Aloe vera was selected for the biosynthesis of AgNPs because of its cost effectiveness, ease of availability and medicinal properties. Biosynthesis was conducted as previously described, with minor modifications30. Fresh and healthy leaves were collected locally and rinsed thoroughly with tap water followed by doubled distilled water to remove all dust and unwanted visible particles, after which they were dried at room temperature to remove the water from the surface of leaves, then cut into small pieces. Next, 10 g of these finely incised leaves were transferred into 250 ml beakers containing 100 ml distilled water and boiled at 80 °C for 20 min. After cooling at room temperature, leaves were centrifuged at 12,000 rpm for 15 min at 4 °C and filtered through 0.45 μm PTFE filter. The filtrates were then stored at 4–8 °C and used as reducing and stabilizing agents in the synthesis of AgNPs. Sterility was maintained throughout the experiment30. AgNPs synthesis. Aqueous solution of 1 mM silver nitrate (AgNO3) was prepared in a 250 ml Erlenmeyer flask and used for the synthesis of AgNPs. Briefly, 10 ml of Aloe vera leaf extract was added into 90 ml of aqueous solution of 1 mM silver nitrate and incubated in the dark overnight at room temperature. Complete reduction of AgNO3 to Ag+ ions was confirmed by the change in colour from colorless to colloidal brownish yellow. The col- loidal mixture was then sealed and stored properly for future use. The formation of AgNPs was further confirmed by spectrophotometric analysis. UV-Vis spectra analysis. Preliminary characterization of the AgNPs was carried out using UV–Visible spectroscopy. The reduction of silver ions to the nanoparticle form was monitored by measuring the UV–Visible spectra of solutions after diluting the sample with Millipore water 20 times. The spectra of AgNPs solution was monitored by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Varian Inc., USA) from 300 to 600 nm. Millipore water was used as blank to adjust the baseline. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. XRD analysis of AgNPs was performed as described by Ansari et al.31. The XRD pattern of AgNPs was recorded by a Bruker D8 diffractometer using CuKα radiation (λ = 1.54056 Å) in the range of 20° ≤ 2θ ≤ 80° at 40 keV. The lattice parameters were calculated by the PowderX software. The particle size (D) of the sample was calculated using the Scherrer’s relationship: D= 0.9λ B cos θ (1) where, λ is the wavelength of the x-ray, B is the broadening of the diffraction line measured as half of its maxi- mum intensity in radians and θ is the Bragg’s diffraction angle. The particle size of the sample was estimated from the line width of the (111) XRD peak. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis of AgNPs. The size and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles were further analyzed by HR-TEM. Samples were prepared by placing a drop of a very dilute suspension of nanoparticles solution on a carbon-coated copper grid. The samples were allowed to dry by evaporation at ambient temperature and then kept under a desiccator until loading onto a specimen holder. The TEM measurements were performed at an accelerating voltage of 200 kV (Technai G2, FEI, Electron Optics, USA) with a W-source and an ultra high resolution pole piece. Dynamic light scattering was used to determine the size distribution or average sizes of synthesized silver nanoparticles. Chemicals. Crystallized and fatty acid free human serum albumin (HSA), MG, and dialysis tubing were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company, USA. Sodium monobasic and dibasic salts were purchased from Quali-gens, India. Unless otherwise indicated, all other reagents and solvents were of analytical grade. Scientific RepoRts | 6:20414 | DOI: 10.1038/srep20414 2PDF Image | Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles inhibitory effects on AGEs
PDF Search Title:
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles inhibitory effects on AGEsOriginal File Name Searched:
srep20414.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Turbine and System Plans CAD CAM: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. More Info
Waste Heat Power Technology: Organic Rankine Cycle uses waste heat to make electricity, shaft horsepower and cooling. More Info
All Turbine and System Products: Infinity Turbine ORD systems, turbine generator sets, build plans and more to use your waste heat from 30C to 100C. More Info
CO2 Phase Change Demonstrator: CO2 goes supercritical at 30 C. This is a experimental platform which you can use to demonstrate phase change with low heat. Includes integration area for small CO2 turbine, static generator, and more. This can also be used for a GTL Gas to Liquids experimental platform. More Info
Introducing the Infinity Turbine Products Infinity Turbine develops and builds systems for making power from waste heat. It also is working on innovative strategies for storing, making, and deploying energy. More Info
Need Strategy? Use our Consulting and analyst services Infinity Turbine LLC is pleased to announce its consulting and analyst services. We have worked in the renewable energy industry as a researcher, developing sales and markets, along with may inventions and innovations. More Info
Made in USA with Global Energy Millennial Web Engine These pages were made with the Global Energy Web PDF Engine using Filemaker (Claris) software.
Infinity Turbine Developing Spinning Disc Reactor SDR or Spinning Disc Reactors reduce processing time for liquid production of Silver Nanoparticles.
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |