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NIH Public Access Author Manuscript Biomacromolecules. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 March 9. Published in final edited form as: Biomacromolecules. 2009 March 9; 10(3): 589–595. doi:10.1021/bm801266t. Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized with Glycosaminoglycans having Distinctive Biological Activities Melissa M. Kemp1, Ashavani Kumar4, Shaymaa Mousa5, Tae-Joon Park3, Pulickel Ajayan4, Natsuki Kubotera5, Shaker Mousa5, and Robert J. Linhardt1,2,3 1 Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA 2 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA 3 Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA 4 Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA 5 The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, NY 12208 U.S.A Abstract Metal nanoparticles have been studied for their anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory efficacy in various models. Specifically, gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit properties that make these ideal candidates for biological applications. The typical synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles incorporates contaminants that could pose further problems. Here we demonstrate a clean method of synthesizing gold and silver nanoparticles that exhibit biological functions. These nanoparticles were prepared by reducing AuCl4 and AgNO3 using heparin and hyaluronan, as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The particles show stability under physiological conditions, and narrow size distributions for heparin particles and wider distribution for hyaluronan particles. Studies show that the heparin nanoparticles exhibit anticoagulant properties. Additionally, either gold- or silver- heparin nanoparticles exhibit local anti-inflammatory properties without any significant effect on systemic hemostasis upon administration in carrageenan-induced paw edema models. In conclusion, gold and silver nanoparticles complexed with heparin demonstrated effective anticoagulant and anti- inflammatory efficacy, having potential in various local applications. Introduction Metal nanoparticles such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) have recognized importance in chemistry, physics and biology because of their unique optical, electrical and photothermal properties.1–6 Such nanoparticles have potential applications in analytical chemistry and have been used as probes in mass spectroscopy,7 as well as in the colorimetric detection for proteins and DNA molecules.8 Furthermore, Au nanoparticles have photothermal properties that can be exploited for localized heating resulting in drug release, thus, increasing their potential for therapeutic applications.9 The ease of synthesizing Au and Ag nanoparticles and their affinity for binding many biological molecules, makes them attractive candidates for study. Various methods have been reported over the last two decades for the synthesis of Au and Ag nanoparticles, which involved the reduction of AuCl4 and AgNO3 with a chemical reducing Correspondence to: Robert J. Linhardt. NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptPDF Image | Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Stabilized Glycosaminoglycans
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