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Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 555 3 of 12 ms, were taken at room temperature and ambient air (20 ◦C; 36% relative humidity), dark-corrected, Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 555 3 of 13 3 of 13 and integrated. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 555 Figure 1. Schematic illustration of silver nanoparticle synthesis using plasma source consisting of (a) Figure 1. Schematic illustration of silver nanoparticle synthesis using plasma source consisting of Figure 1. Schematic illustration of silver nanoparticle synthesis using plasma source consisting of (a) ground electrode, (b) high-voltage electrode, (c) working gas flow, (d) dielectric material, (e) plasma (a) ground electrode, (b) high-voltage electrode, (c) working gas flow, (d) dielectric material, (e) ground electrode, (b) high-voltage electrode, (c) working gas flow, (d) dielectric material, (e) plasma discharge, (f) cuvette mount with connections to the spectrometer, and (g) UV cuvette with stock plasma discharge, (f) cuvette mount with connections to the spectrometer, and (g) UV cuvette with discharge, (f) cuvette mount with connections to the spectrometer, and (g) UV cuvette with stock solutions. solutions. stock solutions. before before after after 3 cm 3 cm Figure 2. Representation of upscaling feasibility tests with the used plasma source. The untreated stock Figure 2. Representation of upscaling feasibility tests with the used plasma source. The untreated sFoilguutiroen2S.2R(elpefrte)siesnctoamtiopnaroefdutpossctaolcinkgsofleuatsiiobnilsitSy2taefsttesrwapitlhastmheautrseadtmpelanstmtiamseooufr6c0e.sT(hrieghutn)tirneathteids stock solution S2 (left) is compared to stock solutions S2 after a plasma treatment time of 60 s (right) 2 isltluocstkrastoilount.ioIn tSh2is(luepfts)ciaslicnogmepxaprerdimtoenst,otchkestorleuatimonesntSa2raefatewrasp2l5a0smcma traenadtmtheentvtoilmume oefw60ass3(0rimghLt.) in this illustration. In this upscaling experiment, the treatment area was 250 cm2 and the volume was in this illustration. In this upscaling experiment, the treatment area was 250 cm2 and the volume was 30 mL. 3 The resulting spectrum shows reactive ArI species, OH (A-X), N (C Π − B Π ), H , and OI, 30 mL. 3 2ugα whereas higher excited species are absent. Therefore, OH, N , H , and OI most probably originate 2α33 The resulting spectrum shows reactive ArI species, OH (A-X), N2 (C Πu – B Πg), Hα, and OI, from the surrounding air and—to a lower extent—to impurities from the wo3rking g3as. The resulting spectrum shows reactive ArI species, OH (A-X), N2 (C Πu – B Πg), Hα, and OI, whereas higher excited species are absent. Therefore, OH, N2, Hα, and OI most probably originate whereas higher excited species are absent. Therefore, OH, N2, Hα, and OI most probably originate from the surrounding air and—to a lower extent—to impurities from the working gas. To determine the rotational temperature, the Boltzmann-plot method, using Q1 branch lines of the OfrHom(At-hXe)sruor-vroiburnadtiionngalabiraanndd, w—atsoeamlpowloeyredex. tNenect—esstoariymppaurarimtietsefrrsowmertehetawkeonrkfrionmg gCahsi.dsey et al. [21]. To determine the rotational temperature, the Boltzmann-plot method, using Q1 branch lines of Additionally, the N -rotational temperature, as well as N -vibrational temperature, was derived, using To determine2the rotational temperature, the Boltz2mann-plot method, using Q1 branch lines of the OH (A-X) ro-vibrational band, was employed. Necessary parameters were taken from Chidsey et themOeHth(oAd-sXd)erosc-vriiberdatbioynPaeltbearsndet, wal.a[s2e2m].pTlhoeyeSdta.rNkebcreosasdaerynipnagrmamecehtearnsiswmeroeftHakenwfarsoumseCdhiindsoerydert al. [21]. Additionally, the N2-rotational temperature, as well as N2-vibrational temperature, was to determine the electron density [23]. The evaluated plasma parameters are summarized in Table 1. al. [21]. Additionally, the N2-rotational temperature, as well as N2-vibrational temperature, was derived, using the methods described by Peters et al. [22]. The Stark broadening mechanism of Hα derived, using the methods described by Peters et al. [22]. The Stark broadening mechanism of Hα was used in order to determine the electron density [23]. The evaluated plasma parameters are was used in order to determine the electron density [23]. The evaluated plasma parameters are summarized in Table 1. summarized in Table 1. αPDF Image | Formation Kinematics of Plasma-Generated Silver Nanoparticles
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