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nanomaterials Review Biomedical Applications of Silver Nanoparticles: An Up-to-Date Overview Alexandra-Cristina Burdus, el 1, Oana Gherasim 2,3, Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu 2, Laurent,iu Mogoantă 4, Anton Ficai 2 and Ecaterina Andronescu 2,* 1 2 3 4 * Correspondence: ecaterina.andronescu@upb.ro; Tel.: +40-21-318-1000 Received: 1 August 2018; Accepted: 28 August 2018; Published: 31 August 2018 Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independent,ei, Bucharest 060042, Romania; alexandra_burdu@yahoo.com.sg Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Gheorghe Polizu Street, Bucharest 011061, Romania; oana.fufa@gmail.com (O.G.); grumezescu@yahoo.com (A.M.G.); anton.ficai@upb.ro (A.F.) Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomis, tilor Street, Magurele 077125, Romania Research Center for Microscopic Morphology and Immunology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rares, Street, Craiova 200349, Romania; laurentiu_mogoanta@yahoo.com Abstract: During the past few years, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) became one of the most investigated and explored nanotechnology-derived nanostructures, given the fact that nanosilver-based materials proved to have interesting, challenging, and promising characteristics suitable for various biomedical applications. Among modern biomedical potential of AgNPs, tremendous interest is oriented toward the therapeutically enhanced personalized healthcare practice. AgNPs proved to have genuine features and impressive potential for the development of novel antimicrobial agents, drug-delivery formulations, detection and diagnosis platforms, biomaterial and medical device coatings, tissue restoration and regeneration materials, complex healthcare condition strategies, and performance-enhanced therapeutic alternatives. Given the impressive biomedical-related potential applications of AgNPs, impressive efforts were undertaken on understanding the intricate mechanisms of their biological interactions and possible toxic effects. Within this review, we focused on the latest data regarding the biomedical use of AgNP-based nanostructures, including aspects related to their potential toxicity, unique physiochemical properties, and biofunctional behaviors, discussing herein the intrinsic anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities of silver-based nanostructures. Keywords: silver nanoparticles; biomedical applications; biological interactions; biofunctional performances; intrinsic anti-inflammatory activity; antimicrobial efficiency 1. Introduction In the past few decades, tremendous interest and substantial research efforts were directed toward the biomedical evaluation and revaluation of metallic nanoparticles derived from noble metals, such as silver and gold, thanks to their specific and genuine chemical, biological, and physical properties [1,2]. In particular, impressive attention was oriented toward the biomedicine-related assessment of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which first attracted worldwide attention as unconventional antimicrobial agents [3–5]. Even though there is limited information regarding the toxicity and in vivo biological behavior of AgNPs, these nanostructures were used for a long time as antibacterial agents in the health industry [6,7], cosmetics [8,9], food storage [10,11], textile coatings [12,13], and some environmental Nanomaterials 2018, 8, 681; doi:10.3390/nano8090681 www.mdpi.com/journal/nanomaterialsPDF Image | Biomedical Applications of Silver Nanoparticles
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