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Academic Sciences International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN- 0975-1491 Vol 4, Suppl 4, 2012 Research Article INVITRO ANTICANCER ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED USING THE EXTRACT OF GELIDIELLA Sp. J. SARANIYA DEVI1,2, B. VALENTIN BHIMBA2, KRUPA RATNAM3 1Department of Microbiology, Asan Memorial College of Arts and Science, Chennai-100, 2Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama University, Chennai, 3Marine Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Chennai. Email: bvbhimba@yahoo.co.in Received: 18 Apr 2012, Revised and Accepted: 28 May 2012 ABSTRACT The eco-friendly synthesis of nanoparticles through various biological means helps us to explore various seaweeds for their ability to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). It was found that aqueous silver ions when exposed to aqueous extract of Gelidiella sp. are reduced in solution, thereby leading to the formation of the AgNPs within 10 min. at 121 ̊C. These AgNPs were characterized by means of several techniques. The nanoparticles show absorbance at 435nm on UV-Vis spectroscopy. The presence of proteins was identified by Fourier transform-infra red spectroscopy (FT-IR). The presence of elemental silver was characterized by Energy dispersed spectroscopy (EDS). The morphology of AgNPs was characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synthesized AgNPs are very stable in aqueous solution for about 1 month without any sign of precipitation. The nanoparticles were assessed for their cytotoxic activity on Hep-2 (Humman laryngeal) cell lines. Keywords: Ecofriendly, Silver nanoparticles, Gelidiella sp., UV-Vis, FT-IR, EDS, SEM, Cytotoxic activity, Hep-2 cell lines. INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology deals with processes that take place on the nanometer scale, that is, from approximately 1 to 100 nm. Nanoparticles with controlled size are of fundamental and technological interest as they provide solutions to technological and environmental challenges in the areas of medicine, solar energy conversion, catalysis and water treatment. Thus, production and application of nanomaterials from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm) is an emerging field of research (1). Nanoparticles are collection in aggregate of atoms in the range of 1-100 nm with unique structure and properties, which are widely used in an increase amount of applications. Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) in particular, provide effective growth inhibition of various microorganisms in suspension and on solid medium. Although chemical and physical methods may successfully produce pure, well-defined nanoparticles, these methods are quite expensive and potentially dangerous to the environment. Use of biological organisms such as microorganisms, plant extract or plant biomass could be an alternative to chemical and physical methods for the production of nanoparticles in an eco-friendly manner (2). In recent years, plant-mediated biological synthesis of nanoparticles is gaining importance due to its simplicity and eco-friendliness. Green synthesis of nanoparticles is an easy, efficient and eco friendly approach, where most researchers are looking at the eco-friendly and green synthesis of nanoparticles paves the way for the researchers around the world to explore the ability of various herbs in synthesizing nanoparticles. Nanoparticles synthesized by chemical method are not eco-friendly (3). AgNPs have several characteristics that make it currently among the most widely used nanoparticle in science. One highly useful characteristic is its antimicrobial property (4). Silver in its pure form was known as a great material to keep microbes at bay. If silver is transformed into a nanoparticle, this anti-microbial property is intensified, making it useful in effectively eliminating fungus, bacteria, and viruses. As a natural material, silver is known to be safe to man and produce little to no allergic reactions when tested for curing various diseases. Silver is an effective antibacterial agent with low toxicity which is important especially in the treatment of burn wounds. Given its broad spectrum activity, AgNPs have been the focus of increasing interest and are being used as an excellent candidate for therapeutic purposes (5). Cancer is an abnormal type of tissue growth in which the cells exhibit an uncontrolled division, relatively in an autonomous fashion, leading to a progressive increase in the number of dividing cell (6). There is increasing demands for anticancer therapy (7). Invitro cytotoxicity testing procedures reduces the use of laboratory animals (8) and hence use of cultured tissues and cells have increased (9). The discovery and identification of new antitumor drug with low side effects on immune system has become an essential goal in many studies of immuno-pharmacology (10). With this aim, many attentions have been paid to natural compounds in plants, marine organism and microorganisms. Many medically relevant nanoparticles such as AgNPs were investigated for their cytotoxicity aspect. AgNPs showed different degrees of in vitro cytotoxicity (11). The Apoptotic Effect of Nanosilver is mediated by a ROS- and JNK-Dependent Mechanism Involving the Mitochondrial Pathway in NIH3T3 Cells (12). The present study was carried out to verify the possible cytotoxic action of AgNPs synthesized using Gelidiella sp. on HEp2 cells, evaluating morphology and the number of viable cells after incubation with the plant extract in different concentrations and duration of exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Collection of seaweed samples Seaweeds were collected from the intertidal regions of the Mandapam coastal regions (Lat.09 ̊ 17.417 N; Long.079 ̊ 08.558 E) of Gulf of Mannar. Samples were washed with freshwater to remove adhering debris and associated biota and identified as Gelidiella sp. by CAS Botany, Madras University. Collected samples were transferred to the lab in a cool bag, lyophilized, powdered and stored in -4 ̊C. Seaweed extraction About 5gm of the powdered material were extracted with 1000ml of sterilized double distilled water. Then the crude extract was blended thoroughly and filtered through Whatmann filter paper No.1 (42 μm) and the residue was again blended with water and filtered. The filtrate was stored and used for further analysis. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles 900ml filtrate was treated with 100ml of aqueous 1mM silver nitrate solution in an Erlenmeyer flask slowly under the magnetic stirring conditions. The bio reduction of silver nitrate occurred within 10 min. at 121 ̊C. The color change to dark brown of the medium was noted by visual observation indicating the formation of AgNPs,PDF Image | anticancer activity of silver nanoparticles extract of Gelidiella
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