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Desalination 357 (2015) 77–83 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Desalination journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/desal Water purification by shock electrodialysis: Deionization, filtration, separation, and disinfection☆ Daosheng Deng a,2, Wassim Aouad a,1, William A. Braff b,3, Sven Schlumpberger a, Matthew E. Suss a,4, Martin Z. Bazant a,c,⁎ a DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge,MA,USA b DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge,MA,USA c DepartmentofMathematics,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge,MA,USA HIGHLIGHTS • Experiments demonstrate the multi- functionality of shock electrodialysis. • Besides deionization and filtration, nano- particles can be separated by charge. • Bacteria in the feedwater are either fil- tered or killed by large electric fields. article info Article history: Received 9 September 2014 Received in revised form 10 November 2014 Accepted 13 November 2014 Available online xxxx Keywords: Shock electrodialysis Over-limiting current Disinfection Filtration Separations Deionization Water treatment GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT abstract The development of energy and infrastructure efficient water purification systems is among the most critical en- gineering challenges facing our society. Water purification is often a multi-step process involving filtration, desa- lination, and disinfection of a feedstream. Shock electrodialysis (shock ED) is a newly developed technique for water desalination, leveraging the formation of ion concentration polarization (ICP) zones and deionization shock waves in microscale pores near to an ion selective element. While shock ED has been demonstrated as an effective water desalination tool, we here present evidence of other simultaneous functionalities. We show that shock ED can thoroughly filter micron-scale particles and aggregates of nanoparticles present in the feedwater. We also demonstrate that shock ED can enable disinfection of feedwaters, as approximately 99% of vi- able bacteria (here Escherichia coli) in the inflow were killed or removed by our prototype. Shock ED also sepa- rates positive from negative particles, contrary to claims that ICP acts as a virtual barrier for all charged particles. By combining these functionalities (filtration, separation and disinfection) with deionization, shock ED has the potential to enable highly compact and efficient water purification systems. © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. ☆ Notes:Theauthorsdeclarenocompetingfinancialinterest. ⁎ Correspondingauthor. E-mail address: bazant@mit.edu (M.Z. Bazant). 1 Present address: St Edmund's College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. 2 Present address: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. 3 Present address: Giner Inc., Newton, MA, USA. 4 Present address: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2014.11.011 0011-9164/© 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction The purification of sea or brackish water is an increasingly important process in areas suffering from water stress or scarcity [1]. State of the art water purification is performed primarily by reverse osmosis (RO) plants and in some cases by electrodialysis (ED) plants [1,2]. In RO andPDF Image | Water Purification by Shock Electrodialysis
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