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P Energies 2020, 13, 340 11 of 21 wind-dependent charging phase (off-peak demand) demand-dependent generation phase (peak demand) Heat insulation Pump Energies 2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW Figure 3. Thermo-electric energy storage (TEES) scheme. 13 of 22 Figure 3. Thermo-electric energy storage (TEES) scheme. The TES coupled with VRES can be either a heat thermal energy storage (HTES), or a cool thermal The TES coupled with VRES can be either a heat thermal energy storage (HTES), or a cool energy storage (CTES) [64]. In both cases, the impact of exploiting the TES is higher when the storage Receptor thermal energy storage (CTES) [64]. In both cases, the impact of exploiting the TES is higher when system is integrated with a district heating system or a district cooling system, respectively. the Ssutnolriaghgte system is integrated with a district heating system or a district cooling system, respectively. 4.2. Concentrating Solar Power A CSP system exploits the solar thermal energy to drive a heat engine (e.g., a steam turbine, 4.2. Concentrating Solar Power Figure 4 [65]). In this way, it is easy to couple CSP with TES, by using heat exchangers to transfer A CSP system exploits the solar thermal energy to drive a heat engine (e.g., a steam turbine, thermal energy between the heat transfer fluid used in the CSP and the storage system [66]. The fluid Figure 4 [65]). In this way, it is easy to couple CSP with TES, by using heat exchangers to transfer used in the storage system is typically a molten salt. The heat generated by the CSP that is not sent T E S B o i l er Steam ~ Electric thermal energy between the heat transfer fluid used in the CSP and the storage system [66]. The fluid Turbine generator to the heat engine is then stored to be used at a later time. This fact is crucial to provide benefits by usReedfleicntotrhs e storage system is typically a molten salt. The heat generated by the CSP that is not sent to shifting the power delivery to the grid from time slots with low energy price to time slots with higher the heat engine is then stored to be used at a later time. This faCcotndiesnscerucial to provide benefits by water energy price. Furthermore, the presence of the TES may be an advantage to oversize the CSP system shifting the power delivery to the grid from time slots with low energy price to time slots with higher with respect to the capacity of the connecting line, storing heat each time the CSP production exceeds energy price. Furthermore, the presence of the TES may be an advantage to oversize the CSP system the capacity of the line, and releasing the stored heat to the heaPt engine when the CSP production with respect to the capacity of the connecting line, storing heat each time the CSP production exceeds the capacity of the line, and releasing the stored heat to the heat engine when the CSP production becomes lower than the connecting line capacity. Figure 4. Concentrated solar power (CSP)-TES scheme. Figure 4. Concentrated solar power (CSP)-TES scheme. The CSP-TES solution is addressed in [69] with the addition of an electric heater that converts electricity from other sources (e.g., the electrical grid, or the electrical output of other RES systems) into heat, to increase the operational flexibility. The application studied includes a CSP-TES and a wind energy system, and takes into account the RES uncertainty in a stochastic unit commitment and economic dispatch model with energy and reserves, by using scenario analysis. becomes lower than the connecting line capacity. PumpPDF Image | Thermal Energy Storage for Grid Applications
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