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Photochem 2022, 2 695 The USES system mechanism consists of the storage of sun energy underground during summer months using a pile [8,9]. There are four basic types of USES systems: hot-water-thermal storage, borehole thermal storage, aquifer thermal storage, and water gravel pit storage [10]. This mechanism requires a plant of quite large dimensions, making it quite difficult to use this technique once the building has already been built [11]. Similarly, in these approaches, the thermal insulation requirements usually imply a challenge for long-term storage. On the other hand, MOST technology has become a promising candidate to capture and store solar energy in a sustainable and efficient manner. These systems have been expanded significantly in the last decades [7], even though the first idea dates a while back [12]. The MOST approach is based on the storage of solar energy as chemical energy using a photoactive molecule, which, after being exposed to sunlight, isomerizes into a metastable high-energy photoisomer [13]. The release of chemical energy as heat can be performed during the back conversion step using an external stimulus (Figure 1a) either through heat, through a catalyst, or electrochemically [14]. Figure 1. (a) Concept of the MOST system [15]. (b) Photoswitches most used in solar energy storage: (i) norbornadiene–quadricyclane, (ii) E/Z–azobenzene, and (iii) dihydroazulene–vinylheptafulvene. Along the years, a large number of systems have been proposed as MOST candidates. There are at least six major requirements for a practical system, which makes the design of successful candidates a challenging task; this will be described further in the next section. Until now, none of the previously proposed compounds completely fulfils this list of requirements. Thus, the design and preparation of new alternatives to MOST technologyPDF Image | Overview of Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage
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