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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 | Apr 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Heat Storing Sand Battery Mohammed Arfa1, Nabigh Nilawar2, Adil Misba3, Mohammed Dayyan4, M.A. Nadaf Anjuman Institute of Technology and Management, Bhatkal Under the guidance of, M.A. Nadaf, (Professor of Mechanical Engineering department AITM, Bhatkal) ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract This project aims to investigate whether India’s desert sand can be utilized as a medium to store energy in a high-temperature Sensible Thermal Energy Storage System. Sand can provide a unique and eco-friendly alternative to current storage mediums, while having minimalized cost and maintenance. Oil will be heated and pumped to flow through pipes leading to the Thermal Energy Storage Element, where the sand will be thermally charged. After the desired temperature in the sand is obtained, a certain storing period will follow to determine its effectiveness. Finally, the remaining heat will be discharged and absorbed by the oil, whose heat will be utilized to generate electricity using a Peltier Element. Before proceeding into the creation of the prototype, an in-depth research on the thermal properties of India’s desert sand is essential. In order to successfully design and manufacture such a project, a comprehensive analysis on the selection of standards parts as well as the design of the manufactured components is addressed. To determine the thermal distribution in the sand during the heating process, Bessel functions were used to solve the 1D heat conduction equation. Results obtained analytically were verified through ANSYS Fluent and Thermal Transient, which included flow and thermal simulations in the Thermal Energy Storage Element and the storage medium respectively. Furthermore, a realistic 3D model of the prototype is included, along with the details on its operating principle. To determine the efficiency of the system, the experiments conducted are divided into three subsections: Charging Phase, Storing Phase, and Discharging Phase. Certain constraints in designing the system are addressed along with several methods to improve the system’s functionality for successful future optimization. Key Words: Thermal Energy Storage system(TES), Thermal Energy Storage Element, Charging phase, Storing phase, Discharging Phase. 1. INTRODUCTION *This project is geared towards finding a more cost- effective and environmentally friendly solution to storing thermal energy than contemporary methodologies can present. * Current Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems are facilitated by the use of molten salt. The use of this material as a storage catalyst is limited to energy storage of up to 600 °C and significantly costly *According to a research project named “Sandstock” conducted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | Massachusetts, desert sand can be used in conjunction with Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technologies to store thermal energy up to 1000 °C, approximately 400 °C higher than molten salt [2]. *Furthermore, sand’s ease of availability within the country coupled with its eco-friendliness make it a worthy storage medium to frontline a new generation of thermal energy storage technology. The purpose of this project is to develop a TES system using sand as an energy storage medium in order to reduce costs, increase availability, and reduce environmental impact of presently used TES system models. To accomplish this, important storage characteristics such as charging, storing, and discharging *India is a country that is primarily powered by coal and petrol[3]. Current predictions indicate that demand for electrical energy is set to double by 2020. *The development of energy and cost efficient energy storage devices is a vital part of the development of solar energy based projects. However, to successfully produce electricity on demand, independently from solar intermittencies, the use of TES technologies becomes crucial. *A TES system can reduce the time or rate mismatch between energy supply and demand, thus playing a crucial role in energy conservation, and the system’s reliability. In the case of power generating plants, a TES system would improve its functionality by load leveling, which ultimately results in energy conservation and cost effectiveness [4]. * It can also provide this form of energy security in an eco- friendly manner if the energy is stores is harvested renewably. 2. BRIEF SUMMARY OF UTILIZING SAND AS STORAGE MEDIUM *To provide a powerful and yet economical solution to Indias increasing energy demands, while maintaining its interest in clean and renewable sources, innovative and environmentally-appropriate solutions must be developed and implemented. *The proposed solution centers around the integration of sand as a storage medium for CSP plant applications. It is a high temperature sensible heat storage system with one storage tank that includes a heat exchanger along with the storage medium (sand). For the execution of testing on the sand’s thermal characteristics an electric heater is chosen as the heat input. 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