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Sustainability 2018, 10, 191 24 of 32 sensible heat storage materials (like water). Some of the commercially available PCMs for cold storage are shown in Table 10. PCM Type Hydrated salts-eutectic PCM Hydrated salts Organic Eutectic Pure PCM Micro-encapsulated PCM Macro-encapsulated PCM Paraffin Inorganic salts Salt solution Salt solution Name Freezer salt Preservation S15 S13 S10 Melting ◦ Temperature ( C) −16 4 7 7 10 15 15 13 10 Latent Heat of Fusion (kJ/kg) 330 105 135 300 170 175 160 160 155 150 150 130 140 150 150 200 200 200 332 306 312 275 286 − − − 140 179 198 205 − 230 284 328 284 328 Company TEAP PCM PlusICE PCM Products Microteklabs Rubitherm GmbH Cristopia Mitsubishi Chemical Table 10. Commercially available PCM for cold storage. S8 8 S7 7 A15 A9 A8 A6 A4 A3 A2 E0 E−2 E−3 E−6 E−10 − − − RT20 RT4 RT3 RT5 RT2HC HS 7N SN06 SN03 STL−6 STL−3 15 9 8 6 4 3 2 0 −2 −3.7 −6 −10 −30 to 56 −30 to 43 −30 to 43 8 −4 4 9 −4 to 100 −7 to −5 −6 −3 −6 −3 CTES appears to be one of the most appropriate methods for correcting the mismatch that occurs between the supply and demand of energy. Cool energy storage requires a better insulation tank, as the energy available in the cool state is expensive, compared to the heat available in a hot storage tank. Cheralathan et al. [86] investigated the performance of an industrial refrigeration system integrated with CTES. The authors indicated significant savings in capital and operating costs, in thermal storage-integrated systems. The size of the PCM-based CTES system was also considerably reduced when compared with that of a chilled water system. The application of CTES in buildings and in energy systems has many advantages. CTES may play an important role in the management of peak loads and solve the intermittency problem of renewable energy sources, especially when cooling storage is integrated into district cooling systems [87]. The sorption phenomenon can also be applied for TES. In that case, a heat source promotes the dissociation (endothermic process) of a working pair, whose substances can be stored separately. When they come into contact again, heat is released (exothermic process). Therefore, the energy can then bePDF Image | Comprehensive Review of Thermal Energy Storage
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