PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 014
Sustainability 2018, 10, 191 14 of 32 PCM Type S89 S44 S7 Phase Change Temperature (◦ C) 89 44 7 Density (kg/m3 ) 1550 1584 1700 Latent Heat Capacity (kJ/kg) 151 100 150 Volumetric Heat Capacity (MJ/m3 ) 234 158 255 Specific Heat Capacity (kJ/(kg·K)) 2.480 1.610 1.850 Thermal Conductivity (W/(m·K) 0.670 0.430 0.400 Table 6. Main thermo-physical characteristics of certain salt hydrates [8]. (2) Metallic. This category includes the low melting point metals and their alloys. They are scarcely used in heat storage applications because of their low melting enthalpy per unit weight, even if they have high melting enthalpy per unit volume and high thermal conductivity [46]. Some of the features of these materials are as follows: (i) low heat of fusion per unit weight; (ii) high heat of fusion per unit volume; (iii) high thermal conductivity; (iv) low specific heat; (v) relatively low vapor pressure. A list of selected metallics is given in Table 7. Such materials are used for their ability to help meet the high demands of large capacity power plants. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Material Gallium–gallium antimony eutectic Gallium Cerro-low eutectic Bi–Cd–In eutectic Cerro-bend eutectic Bi–Pb–In eutectic Bi–In eutectic Bi–Pb eutectic Melting Point (◦C) 29.8 30.0 58.0 61.0 70.0 70.0 72.0 125.0 Latent Heat (kJ/kg) - 80.3 90.9 25.0 32.6 29.0 25.0 - Table 7. Melting point and latent heat of fusion for selected metallics [46]. An inorganic mixture based on an industrial by-product (bischofite) was developed and characterized for its application as a PCM for low-temperature thermal energy storage [47]. The most appropriate composition was established as 40 wt % bischofite and 60 wt % Mg(NO3)2·6H2O. Thermo-physical properties, specific heat capacity, cycling, and thermal stability were determined. In addition, it was shown that supercooling may be reduced by increasing the quantity of material. Organic PCMs have many advantages over inorganic PCMs, but they are flammable and have low thermal conductivity. On the other hand, inorganic PCMs are cheaper, abundant, and nonflammable and have high heat storage capacity and thermal conductivities. 4.1.3. Eutectics Eutectic materials are a combination of two or more low melting materials with similar (congruent) melting and freezing points; eutectics nearly always melt and freeze without segregation and have high thermal conductivities and densities. The weight percentage of each material can be varied to obtain variations in the melting point of the resulting eutectic mixture [11]. For this reason they are a promising type of PCM, even if they are actually less diffused than the other groups. However, they have low latent and specific heat capacities [48]. In fact, the temperature range is one of the main criteria for the suitability of a PCM in any application. There are numerous thermal energy storage applications that use PCMs, which all fit a particular range suitable for their optimum thermal performance [49]. Figure 7 presents a brief classification system based on melting temperatures that, depending on the application desired, can help one decide which PCM to use [46].PDF Image | Comprehensive Review of Thermal Energy Storage
PDF Search Title:
Comprehensive Review of Thermal Energy StorageOriginal File Name Searched:
a554bca3a326b394928e3ab67fdd8d40c756.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Turbine and System Plans CAD CAM: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. More Info
Waste Heat Power Technology: Organic Rankine Cycle uses waste heat to make electricity, shaft horsepower and cooling. More Info
All Turbine and System Products: Infinity Turbine ORD systems, turbine generator sets, build plans and more to use your waste heat from 30C to 100C. More Info
CO2 Phase Change Demonstrator: CO2 goes supercritical at 30 C. This is a experimental platform which you can use to demonstrate phase change with low heat. Includes integration area for small CO2 turbine, static generator, and more. This can also be used for a GTL Gas to Liquids experimental platform. More Info
Introducing the Infinity Turbine Products Infinity Turbine develops and builds systems for making power from waste heat. It also is working on innovative strategies for storing, making, and deploying energy. More Info
Need Strategy? Use our Consulting and analyst services Infinity Turbine LLC is pleased to announce its consulting and analyst services. We have worked in the renewable energy industry as a researcher, developing sales and markets, along with may inventions and innovations. More Info
Made in USA with Global Energy Millennial Web Engine These pages were made with the Global Energy Web PDF Engine using Filemaker (Claris) software.
Sand Battery Sand and Paraffin for TES Thermo Energy Storage More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |