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Sustainability 2018, 10, 191 Sustainability 2018, 10, 191 12 of 32 12 of 32 Organic Organic Advantages Effect on Solar Cooling ESffyescteomn Solar Cooling System good cruccriuaclial important important bad crucial unbdadesirable crucial undesirable Inorganic Inorganic Advantages Effect on Solar Cooling EffSeyctstoenmSolar Cooling System Advantages Greater phase change Non corrosives good Advantages good Non corrosives LowLoowr onronuonduenrdceorocloinogling Greater pehnathsaelcphyange enthalpy Disadvantages good Chemical and thermal stability Chemical and thermal Disadvantages stability crucial undesirable uncrduecsiiarlable crucial undesirable undesirable crucial Figure 6. Classification of phase-change materials (PCMs) [11]. Figure 6. Classification of phase-change materials (PCMs) [11]. Table 4. Comparison of organic and inorganic materials for heat storage [39]. Table 4. Comparison of organic and inorganic materials for heat storage [39]. Lower phase change enthalpy Subcooling Disadvantages Disadvantages Low thermal conductivity Corrosion PShuabsceooselipnagration Lack of thermal stability Corrosion Phase separation Lower phase change Inflammability enthalpy Low thermal conductivity Inflammability Considering real applications in thermal energy store, the most widespread materials are paraffin’s (organics), hydrated salts (inorganic), and fatty acids (organics). In cold storage, ice water is often used Considering real applications in thermal energy store, the most widespread materials are as well. Table 5 shows some of the most relevant PCMs in different temperature ranges with their paraffin’s (organics), hydrated salts (inorganic), and fatty acids (organics). In cold storage, ice water melting temperature, enthalpy, and density. is often used as well. Table 5 shows some of the most relevant PCMs in different temperature An original composite PCM of caprylic-nonanoic acid/expanded graphite (CA-NA/EG) with ranges with their melting temperature, enthalpy, and density. an optimum absorption ratio (CA-NA/EG = 90:10, by mass) was prepared by Wang et al. [40]. An original composite PCM of caprylic-nonanoic acid/expanded graphite (CA-NA/EG) with The composite PCM has no supercooling, proper melting point, acceptable latent heat and thermal an optimum absorption ratio (CA-NA/EG = 90:10, by mass) was prepared by Wang et al. [40]. The conductivity, and excellent thermal reliability and stability. composite PCM has no supercooling, proper melting point, acceptable latent heat and thermal conductivity, and excellent thermal reliability and stability. PCM Ice Na-acetPatCeMtrihidrate Paraffin Table 5. PCM properties. Melting Temperature ( C) 0 Melting T5e8mperature (°C) −5–120 Melting Enthalpy (kJ/kg) Density (g/cm ) 0.92 Den1s.i3ty0 (g/cm3) 0.77 Table 5. PCM properties. Lack of thermal stability ◦3 Ice 0 58 −5–120 118 150–240 Erytritol 118 333 0.92 Na-acetate trihidrate Paraffin 250 150–240 340 1.30 0.77 1.30 333 Melting Enthalpy 250 (kJ/kg) 340 1.30 4.1.1. Organic PCMs Erytritol Organic PCMs can melt and solidify many times without phase segregation, and because of the 4.1.1. Organic PCMs degradation of their latent melting heat, they crystallize with little or no super-cooling and are usually non-corrosive. The two main groups are:PDF Image | Comprehensive Review of Thermal Energy Storage
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