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Energies 2022, 15, 6398 3 of 23 in one system are rarely implemented. The conclusions of this review paper are the same as in their previously published paper—the integration of different renewable energy sources is highly necessary to facilitate more efficient and feasible operation. Therefore, an innovative, novel system unlike any yet developed, with combined geothermal, solar, and water resources, is presented in the current paper. Lindal’s diagram [13] determines the possibilities of using warm groundwater for many investment projects. In light of climate change prevention, the conventional “one- way” use of geothermal water resources appears to be insufficient. Therefore, this paper presents the possibility of the optimum use of several RES on the basis of an existing expanded geothermal installation. All around the world, in geothermally favorable areas, geothermal waters are usually extracted using deep boreholes. Most of the published investigations focused on identifying the geothermal distribution heat flow by, e.g., map- ping the subsurface temperatures [14], assessing the geothermal potential, gradients, or steps [15–17] utilizing Geograpfic Information System [18,19], as well as the evident geo- logical characteristics [20,21]. Wherever renewable energy (RE) is available for effective use, it should be maximized for various purposes, not only for electricity generation and heating but also, if possible, for other applications, e.g., geothermal water for recreational use or balneotherapeutics. Unfortunately, most often, a geothermal borehole is not combined with any other RES type. In addition, with the recreational use of geothermal water, there is the need to discharge the water used into the environment, which is regarded as a burden on flowing waterways that are usually the recipient of wastewater [22]. It appears that injecting water back into the rock mass is a more environmentally friendly but much more costly solution [17]. Elimination of the used geothermal water is a serious challenge [23,24], and injection is probably one of the most expensive processes in geothermal energy utilization. Most of the published papers on this subject are focused on minimizing the environmental impact and climate change. Liu et al. [25] proposed a new geothermal energy-assisted natural gas hydrate recovery method that can simultaneously exploit geothermal energy and natural gas hydrates by injecting water into a geothermal heat exchange well. The proposed system produces fewer carbon emissions and is more environmentally friendly. A combined system with optimized RES (as is proposed in this paper), based on existing geothermal plants, should focus on three areas: - Increasing the products/services offered by the company; - Ensuring more energy independence for the facility by diversifying the energy sources and increasing the share of those based on RES; - Implementing a sustainable development strategy for the protection of the environ- ment and to make a contribution to climate protection. 2. Case Study: Chochołowskie Termy Geothermal Complex The facility where this innovative solution will be applied is the existing geothermal pool complex of Chochołowskie Termy (ChT) facility in southern Poland, in Europe. The thermal waters used to heat the facility and present in the thermal pools are extracted from a depth of 3572 m. The Chochołów PIG-1 borehole, from which the water is drawn, was drilled in 1989–1990 and is one of the most abundant intakes in the region [26–28]. The water temperature at the intake is about 90 ◦C. In the deep boreholes that are used to access geothermal waters, it is extremely important to take the thermal lift effect into account. The main hydrogeological parameters of the Chochołów PIG-1 borehole are shown in Table 1. Table 1. Characteristics of the Chochołów PIG-1 borehole. Exploiting Capacity Q (m3/h) 160 Temperature at the Outflow T (◦C) t = 89.8 ◦C Static Water Table (m a.s.l./m a.g.l) 945.0/155.46 Dynamic Water Table (m a.s.l./m a.g.l) Chemical Type 799.5/10.0 0.11%SO4-Ca-Mg-NaPDF Image | Combined Renewable Energy Resources System Geothermal
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