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Gels 2022, 8, 193 7 of 13 Gels 2022, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW 8 of 14 Gels 2022, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW σ=σ0exp[-B/(T–T0)] 9 of 14 FSI gels is similar to that of a viscous liquid [25]. The ionic conductivity of the B8- BMPTFSI-NaTFSI ionogel still achieved 10−3 S/m, albeit less than that of B8-BMPTFSI iono- gel. Figure 5. (A) Arrhenius plots for the conductivity of the B8-BMPTFSI gel (a) 3% B8, w/v, (b) 4% B8, Figure 5. (A) Arrhenius plots for the conductivity of the B8-BMPTFSI gel (a) 3% B8, w/v, (b) 4% B8, ww//v,and(c(c))8%8%B8B,8w,/wv;/Bv8-;BM8-PBTMFSPI-TNFaSTIF-SNIagTelF(Sa’I)g3%elB(a8’()w3/%v),B08.1(Mw/Nva)T,F0S.I1,(Mb’)N4%aTBF8S(Iw,/(vb)’,)4%B8(w/v), 0.3 M NaTFSI, and (c’) 8% B8 (w/v), 0.5 M NaTFSI. (B) Chronoamperometry profiles of the symmet- 0.3 M NaTFSI, and (c’) 8% B8 (w/v), 0.5 M NaTFSI. (B) Chronoamperometry profiles of the symmetric ric Na/ B8-BMPTFSI-NaTFSI gel (4% B8, w/v, 0.3 M NaTFSI) /Na cell under a polarization voltage Figure4.(a)IlFluigsutreat4i.o(na)oIlflutshtreatsioenlf-ohfethaelisnelgf-hperaolipnegrptyroopefrthyeofBth8e-BM8-BPMTPFTSFI-SNI-NaTaTFFSSIIgel((44%%B8B,8w,/wv;/0.v3; M NaTFSI). (b) Illustration of the thixotropic property of the B8-BMPTFSI-NaTFSI gel (3% B8, w/v; 0.3 M NaTFSI). (b) Illustration of the thixotropic property of the B8-BMPTFSI-NaTFSI gel (3% B8, 0.1 M NaTFSI). (c) Step-strain measurements of the B8-BMPTFSI-NaTFSI gel (4% B8, w/v; 0.3 M w/v; 0.1 M NaTFSI). (c) Step-strain measurements of the B8-BMPTFSI-NaTFSI gel (4% B8, w/v; 0.3 M NaTFSI) over 2 cycles (with an alternating strain of 0.05% and 100% with 1 Hz at 25 °C). (d) Overlaid ◦ NaTFSI)over2zcoyomcleosf(twheitrhecaonvearlyteorfntahteinBg8-sBtMraPinTFoSfI-0N.0a5T%FSIagnedla1f0te0r%eawchithcy1cleH.zAlaltc2o5loreCd).g(edls)aOrevdeorlpaeid with crystal violet. zoom of the recovery of the B8-BMPTFSI-NaTFSI gel after each cycle. All colored gels are doped with crystal violet. Figure 5A shows the temperature dependence of the conductivities of the B8- BMPTFSI and B8-BMPTFSI-NaTFSI ionogels. Although concentrations of B8 and NaTFSI Figure 5Awesrheodwiffsetrhenet,tethmeprelrattiounrsehdipepbetnwdeencteheofiotnhecocnodnudcutivctitiyviotifeaslloifotnhoegeBls8-aBnMd 1P0T0F0/STI exhibited good linearity, indicative of a good fit into the classical Arrhenius equation [28]. and B8-BMPTFSI-NaTFSI ionogels. Although concentrations of B8 and NaTFSI were In addition, the plots described in Figure 5A were fitted by the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher different, the relationship between the ion conductivity of all ionogels and 1000/T exhibited (VTF) equation: good linearity, indicative of a good fit into the classical Arrhenius equation [28]. In addition, σ = σ0exp [ –B/ (T – T0)] the plots described in Figure 5A were fitted by the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) equation: The result suggests that the migration of the ions in B8-BMPTFSI and B8-BMPTFSI-NaT- Na/ B8-BMPTFSI-NaTFSI gel (4% B8, w/v, 0.3 M NaTFSI) /Na cell under a polarization voltage of of 50 mV. Inset shows the corresponding electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) before and 5a0ftmerVp.oIlnarsieztatsihono.w(Cs)tThheecmorordeeslpeoqunidvianlegnetlceirccturoitcdheerimveidcaflroimptheedNanycqeuisptpelcottrso.scopy(EIS)beforeandafter polarization. (C) The model equivalent circuit derived from the Nyquist plots. To evaluate the chemical stability of the B8-BMPTFSI-NaTFSI ionogel, aging experi- ments were performed on the ionogel; therefore, sodium metal was immersed into the ionogel and then placed in an inert environment at 50 °C for 30 days. After the B8- BMPTFSI-NaTFSI ionogel was in contact with the sodium metal at 50 / for 30 days, no clear color change was observed, and its state was not significantly different from that of the newly prepared ionogel (Figure S5a). In addition, 1H- NMR data indicated that thePDF Image | Thixotropic Ionogel Electrolyte for Sodium Batteries
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