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Plants 2022, 11, 2379 15 of 18 References absorbance was recorded at 532 nm and 600 nm. The extension coefficient (155 mM−1 cm−1) was used for MDA contents calculation. 4.6. Statistical Analysis Three-way ANOVA was subjected to data using SPSS-20.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA). The genotypes (G), salinity (S) and silicon (Si) were used as fixed factors. The Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at p < 0.05 probability was subjected to observe the difference among means. 5. Conclusions Salinity stress reduced the growth by enhancing the levels of ROS (H2O2) and MDA in barley plants. However, the plants responded to salinity stress by osmotic adjustment, activating the antioxidant defense system and initiating stress-induced signaling pathway. Along with the plant’s internal regulatory mechanism, the application of Si adds the plant’s protective machinery in the alleviation of stress by regulating several metabolic pathways for detoxification of excessive ROS. This study concluded that application of Si can boost up barley plant’s metabolism by protecting cell’s bio molecules through enhanced production of enzymatic (SOD, APX, CAT, POD and GR) and non-enzymatic (phenolics, α-tocopherol, AsA, glutathione, proline) antioxidants and by limiting lipid peroxidation (MDA) and ROS (H2O2) production under salinity stress. As such, the application of Si through rooting media should be used as an early and fast remedy to mitigate salinity stress in plants. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, S.N. and S.M.; methodology, M.S.A.; software, M.S.A. and M.A.; validation, S.M., P.A. and H.-u.-R.A.; formal analysis, U.U.; investigation, M.M.A.; resources, N.S.; data curation, S.N., P.K.; writing—original draft preparation, M.S.A.; writing—review and editing, S.N., P.A., M.N.A. and S.M.; visualization, S.M.; supervision, S.N.; project administration, S.N.; funding acquisition, M.N.A. and P.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: No external funding. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: Not applicable. Acknowledgments: The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project Number (RSP-2022/180), King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. 1. Thorne, S.J.; Hartley, S.E.; Maathuis, F.J. Is silicon a panacea for alleviating drought and salt stress in crops? Front. Plant Sci. 2020, 11, 1221. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 2. Qureshi, A. Perspectives for bio-management of salt-affected and waterlogged soils in Pakistan. In Agroforestry for the Management of Waterlogged Saline Soils and Poor-Quality Waters; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2016; pp. 97–108. 3. Naveed, M.; Sajid, H.; Mustafa, A.; Niamat, B.; Ahmad, Z.; Yaseen, M.; Kamran, M.; Rafique, M.; Ahmar, S.; Chen, J.-T. Alleviation of Salinity-Induced Oxidative Stress, Improvement in Growth, Physiology and Mineral Nutrition of Canola (Brassica napus L.) through Calcium-Fortified Composted Animal Manure. Sustainability 2020, 12, 846. [CrossRef] 4. Acosta-Motos, J.R.; Ortuño, M.F.; Bernal-Vicente, A.; Diaz-Vivancos, P.; Sanchez-Blanco, M.J.; Hernandez, J.A. Plant responses to salt stress: Adaptive mechanisms. Agronomy 2017, 7, 18. [CrossRef] 5. Ben Mansour, R.; Ben Fattoum, R.; Gouia, H.; Haouari, C.C. Salt stress effects on enzymes activities involved in carbon metabolism and nitrogen availability of two Tunisian durum wheat varieties. J. Plant Nutr. 2019, 42, 1142–1151. [CrossRef] 6. Arif, Y.; Singh, P.; Siddiqui, H.; Bajguz, A.; Hayat, S. Salinity induced physiological and biochemical changes in plants: An omic approach towards salt stress tolerance. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 2020, 156, 64–77. [CrossRef] 7. Torabian, S.; Zahedi, M.; Khoshgoftar, A.H. Effects of foliar spray of two kinds of zinc oxide on the growth and ion concentration of sunflower cultivars under salt stress. J. Plant Nutr. 2016, 39, 172–180. [CrossRef]PDF Image | Silicon-Induced Mitigation of NaCl Stress in Barley
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