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J. Phys. Energy 3 (2021) 031503 N Tapia-Ruiz et al 76 Table 2. Performance metrics of current NMC//graphite and LFP//graphite Li-ion technologies and those of Faradion’s Na-ion cells. Industry targets for a Na-ion energy cell and a Na-ion power cell are also shown. Parameter Cell BOM∗ at equivalent cell NMC//graphite: cylindrical LFP//graphite: 25 Ah—280 Ah pouch/ prismatic Faradion Na-ion sizes and volumes ($ kWh−1) Specific energy (Wh kg−1) 25%–30% lower than LFP//graphite pouch cells [282] 160 (32 Ah Future cell BOM targets are in line with maintaining 25%–30% lower than LFP//graphite, and taking into account the forecasted annual reductions in Li-ion costs [289] Energy density (Wh l−1) Specific power (W kg−1) Power density (W l−1) Cycle lifea @ 80% DOD at ±1 C 240–270 670–750 340–420 960–1200 600 [292] 140–175 240–360 175–425 360–770 3500–6000 290 (32 Ah 1000 (2 Ah 1300 (2 Ah 3000 [284] pouch) pouch) pouch) pouch) >190 >350 >1500 >2700 4000 >210 >380 >2000 >3600 8000 >140 >230 >2500 >4000 2000 >160 >260 >4000 >6400 4000 Pulse discharge T range, Tmin to Tmax (◦C) RTEEb at ±C/2 (%) Impedance (mΩ) at 1 kHz 5–7 C for 10 s −20 to 60 91 <25 (21 700 cell) 4 C for 10 s −20 to 60 94 <1.2 (25 Ah cell) <1 (120 Ah cell) <0.25 (280 Ah cell) 20Cfor10 −30 to 60 >93 <2.5 (12 Ah cell) 20 C for 10 s −30 to 80 >94 <1.5 (12 Ah cell) 30 C for 10 s −30 to 80 >95 <1.2 (12 Ah cell) 30 C for 10 s −30 to 80 >95 <1.2 (12 Ah cell) 50 C for 10 s −30 to 80 >95 <1 (12 Ah cell) Current technology Na-ion energy cell: productionc pouch cells Na-ion power cell: productiond ⩽12 Ah pouch cells 2 year target 5 year target 2 year target 5 year target s ∗BOM: bill of materials. aNumber of cycles to 20% capacity fade. bRound-trip energy efficiency, calculated from datasheets. cProduction energy cell pouch: capacity ⩾10 Ah. dProduction power cell pouch: capacity ⩽12 Ah, as power cells typically have thinner electrodes which result in lower capacities and smaller cell sizes. Note that LFP//graphite chemistry (like any battery chemistry) can deliver much higher power ratings in cylindrical cells (refer to figure 40), but in large-scale pouch cells between 25–280 Ah, the manufacturers recommend a maximum continuous discharge from 1 to 3 C [293].PDF Image | roadmap for sodium-ion batteries
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)