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J. Phys. Energy 3 (2021) 031503 N Tapia-Ruiz et al Figure 26. Formation of a composite between Na3Zr2Si2PO12 and NaF leads to increasing densification. The conductivity of the resultant material (a) increases to a peak value of 1.4 mS cm−1 when the density is maximised, as shown in (b). 90 mAh g−1 from the Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode combined with a metallic sodium anode is modest, but the stability and lifetime of the device show the efficacy of this approach for interface management. A similar capacity can be realised by casting ceramic particles in the NASICON phase in a polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene polymer to combine the conductivity of the ceramic with the mechanical properties of the polymer [209]. This solution-cast composite delivers a flexible electrolyte with a room-temperature conductivity of 2.25 × 10−3 S cm−1, which matches that of the pure ceramic, whilst maintaining the ease of processing associated with the polymer. Concluding remarks Both oxide- and sulphide-based Na+ electrolytes are now reaching the desired conductivity to enable solid-state batteries. The challenges in developing viable battery technologies lie in managing the interfaces between the solid electrolyte and the electrodes, and recent proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated the efficacy of an electrode/electrolyte composite approach. These examples serve as useful demonstrations of how chemical synthesis and materials processing must proceed in tandem to deliver cycling longevity from the management of electrolyte interfaces. Understanding the roles of the components and how they stabilise the interfaces will require a coordinated synthetic, experimental, and computational approach. There will also be a key role for operando measurements of crystal structure, lattice dynamics, and ion mobility in developing long-term electrochemical cycling in an all-solid-state sodium battery. Acknowledgments The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the ISCF Faraday Challenge projects NEXGENNA (Grant No. FIRG018) and SOLBAT (Grant No. FIRG007), the EPSRC (EP/N001982/2), and the University of Sheffield for support. 52PDF Image | roadmap for sodium-ion batteries
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)