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Materials 2021, 14, 6843 4 of 15 Preparation Conditions Starting Materials Calcination Temperature (◦C) Holding Time (h) Table 2. Quantities of reagents added and subsequent calcination conditions. Spent Autocatalyst (g) Cordierite (g) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Li2CO3 (mg) LiF (mg) I-A 1.0 I-B 1.0 I-C-11 1.0 I-C-2 1.0 I-C-3 1.0 I-C-4 1.0 I-C-5 1.0 I-D-1 1.0 I-D-2 1.0 I-D-31 1.0 I-D-4 1.0 I-E-1 1.0 I-E-2 1.0 I-E-3 1.0 I-E-41 1.0 - - - - - - 800 3 100 - 800 3 75 25 800 3 50 50 800 3 25 75 800 3 - 100 800 3 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 - 600 3 - 700 3 - 800 3 - 900 3 - 800 0.5 - 800 1 - 800 2 - 800 3 II-A - 1.0 - II-B - 1.0 500 II-C - 1.0 - 500 800 3 1 These sets of conditions were the same and gave the same sample. 2.2. Calcination Experiments Figure 2 shows a schematic of the calcination apparatus employed in this study. A mixture of the starting materials was inserted into a quartz tube installed in an electric furnace (Koyo Thermo Systems Co., Ltd., Nara, Japan, KTF030N1). Both ends of the quartz tube were plugged with silicon caps, and air was passed from one end to the other at a rate of 100 mL/min. The temperature profile consisted of two steps; in the first step, the temperature was raised to 100 ◦C at a rate of 10 ◦C/min and held at this temperature for 10 min. In the second step, the temperature was raised to various other temperatures between 600 and 900 ◦C. The sample was maintained at each temperature for 0.5–3 h. Materials 2021, 14, x FOR PEER REVIEW 5 of 16 Table 2 summarizes the calcination conditions. After calcination, the interior of the furnace was cooled to <100 ◦C with a flow of air to obtain the calcined sample. Figure 2. Schematic of the calcination apparatus. Figure 2. Schematic of the calcination apparatus. 2.3. Leaching Experiments 2.3.1L. eHacyhdinrgocEhxlpoerricimAecnitds 2.3.1.THheydcarolccihnleodriscaAmcpilde was hand-crushed using an agate mortar, divided into two equal - 800 3 - 800 3 parts, and placed into two polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) inner-cylinder containers. A The calcined sample was hand-crushed using an agate mortar, divided into two equal parts, and placed into two polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) inner-cylinder contain- ers. A 12 M (37%) HCl solution (FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation, Osaka, Ja- pan, Wako Grade 1 087–01071) was used to prepare 1.5 M, 3 M, and 6 M HCl solutions by diluting with ultrapure water. To each container, a HCl solution of the desired concentra-PDF Image | Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Auto Catalysts
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
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