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Although O2 evolution is thermodynamically preferred compared to Cl2 evolution, the observed charge voltage of the salt water can be related to the reaction involved with both Cl2 and O2 gas evolution. More generally, the ratio of Cl2 evolution is higher than that of O2 evolution because of the higher overpotential of the O2 evolution reaction when salt water [NaCl (aq)] undergoes an electrolytic process (Figure 2a).[7, 8] Our measured charge voltage (4.05 V) is slightly higher than the calculated standard voltage of O2 evolution (3.94 V) and is similar to that of the Cl2 evolution (4.07 V). This result indicates that the measured charge voltage is more related to Cl2 evolution than to O2 evolution, according to the literature.[7, 8] Indeed, the Na and Cl concentrations in seawater decreased after charge (see Table S1). A shown in Figure 2b, the first discharge voltage of the prepared battery was ~2.9 V (vs. Na+/Na0), determined at a rate of 0.1 mA cm-2. During discharging of the battery, sodium ions generated from the Na metal at the negative electrode migrated into the seawater through the solid electrolyte. The following chemical reaction occurred at the negative electrode according to the half-cell reaction [Eq. (6)]: NaNa+ + e- E0 = 2.71V (6) At the positive electrode, two possible electrochemical reactions can be considered involving the reduction of water and dissolved oxygen [Eqs. (7) and (8)]: 2H2O + O2 + 4e-4OH- E0 = 0.40V (7) 2H2O + 2e-2OH- + H2 E0 = -0:83V (8) 5PDF Image | Rechargeable Seawater Battery
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |