PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 009
The electrolyte was made inside an argon- lled glovebox. NaFSI (TCI Chemical) and NaTFSI (Alfa Aesar) were dried at 100 oC vacuum oven overnight before use and stored in an argon – lled glovebox. Thionyl chloride (puri ed, Spectrum catalog # TH138) was used without any further puri cation. The appropriate amount of thionyl chloride liquid was added into a 20 mL scintillation vial (Fisher Scienti c) and its weight was measured. 4 M aluminum chloride (Fluka, 99%, anhydrous, granular) were weighed and added to the thionyl chloride and stirred until all the aluminum chloride was fully dissolved. Then the appropriate amount of NaFSI and NaTFSI (2 wt% of the total weight of aluminum chloride and thionyl chloride) were added to the solution and stirred until both NaFSI and NaTFSI completely dissolved, after which the electrolyte was ready to be used. Battery making All batteries were made inside an argon- lled glovebox. Sodium metal block (Sigma Aldrich) was dried using kimwipes (Kimberly – Clark ProfessionalTM Kimtech ScienceTM) to remove the mineral oil on the surface. Razor blade was then used to cut all sides of the Na block to expose the shiny Na metal. The sodium metal block was then placed inside a zip lock bag and pressed using a scintillation vial to make thin sodium foil. The sodium foil was then pasted onto the spacer in a coin cell. Any extra sodium was removed so that the sodium foil had the exact shape as the spacer and could be used as the negative electrode. aCNS loaded on Ni foam was used as the positive electrode. 2 layers of quartz ber lters (Sterlitech, Advantec, QR – 100) were used as the separators and were dried in 120 oC vacuum oven overnight before each use. The aCNS positive electrode was put in the middle of the SS316 positive coin cell case. 2 layers of QR – 100 separators were then put on top of the aCNS positive electrode. 150 μL of the electrolyte (4 M AlCl3 in SOCl2 + 2 wt% NaFSI + 2 wt% NaTFSI) were then added to wet the QR – 100 separators. The Na negative electrode on spacer was then put on top of the separators, with Na foil directly facing the aCNS positive electrode. One piece of spring was put on top of the spacer. Lastly, one layer of PTFE foil was put on top of the spring and underneath the SS316 negative coin cell case to prevent corrosion from the electrolyte. After all the components of the coin cell were put together, the coin cell was pressed using a digital pressure controlled electric crimper (MTI, MSK-160E) with the pressure reading set to 9.23. Then the coin cell was taken out the glovebox and was tested using a battery tester from Neware, BTS80, Version 17. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the battery was measured using a potentiostat/galvanostat (model CHI 760D, CH Instruments). The working electrode was connected to the aCNS positive electrode, and the counter and reference electrodes were connected to the sodium negative electrode. The initial voltage of the measurement was set to be the open circuit potential of the battery at the time of the measurement. The high frequency was 1 105 Hz and the low frequency was 0.01 Hz. The amplitude of the measurement was 0.005 V. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Page 9/20PDF Image | Rechargeable NaCl Battery
PDF Search Title:
Rechargeable NaCl BatteryOriginal File Name Searched:
nacl-battery.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)