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Ser.No.01/000056,filedMar.23,1990. FIELD OF THE INVENTION 5 consistsofwirewhichisthincomparedtothethicknes ofthedifusionlayer,cylindricaldifusionwilfurther increasethemasstransportlimitingcurrentandthusthe loadabilityofthecathode. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART 5,256,501 1. 2 KlausJ.Veter: ElectrochemicalKinetics'published by Academic Pres,New York 1967.Thus unlesthe platesareperforated,platecathodeshavelow efi SEAWATER BATTERY ThisaplicationisacontinuationofPCTaplication ciencyandareexpensivetoproduce.Ifthecathode Thepresentinventionrelatestoseawaterbateriesor saltwatergalvaniccelsorbaterieswhichuseoxygen dissolvedintheseawaterastheoxidant,anditrelatesin O particulartocathodeswhicharesuitableforcelswhich FromU.S.Pat.No.4,522,897(M.A.Walsh)thereis areexposedtohighhydrodynamicforces(fromwaves knownasocaledropebatteryhavingaflexiblestruc orstrongcurents). ture.Theropebatteryconsistsofacentralflexiblean Lowpowerseawatercelswhichusetheoxygen ode,aporousseparatorandaflexibleoutercoaxial dissolvedintheseawaterastheoxidantandaconsum 15 ableanodeforexampleasdescribedinInternational PublicationNo.WO 89/11165(Hasvold3)havebeen sucesfulytestedintheseaovernearlytwoyears. Thesecelsuseaninertmetalcathode(stainlesstel) whichiscoatedwithacatalystforthereductionof20whichareexposedtohighhydrodynamicforces(from oxygen.Inbateries,thecelsareconnectedinparalel, andthecelvoltageisconvertedtoausefulvaluewith a DC/DC converter. wavesorstrongcurents). OBJECT OF THE INVENTION Seawaterbateriesareatractiveastheycanbestored Theobjectofthepresentinventionistoprovide inadryconditionindefinitely,theyhaveanenergy25 seawatercelsandbaterieswhicharemechanically densitywhichcomparesfavorablywithlithiumbater robust,inexpensivetoproduceandhaveahighefi iesandtheyposenosafetyhazards,astheyareneither ciency.Thefeaturesoftheinventionaredefinedinthe flammablenordotheycontainanytoxiccompounds. claims. Thechemicalreactionsinatypicalseawaterbattery withmagnesiumanodeare: (anodereaction) (cathodereaction) (celreaction) 35 Magnesiumisamajorcomponentintheseawater whichmakesthemagnesiumbasedseawaterbatery environmentallyharmles.A dischargedbaterycan easilyberechargedmechanicalybyinsertinganew plate,and magnesiumanode. Toensureahighsurfaceareaofthecathode,theinert metalcanbeintheformofwoolsandwichedbetween twolayersofmetalnetorexpandedmetal.Thepacking ofthewoolislosetoprovideaneasyflowoffresh,45 oxygenrich seawater through the cathode structure. Aditionaly,thecelmusthaveanopenstructureto allowfreaccessoffreshseawaterandtogetridofthe reactionproductsformed. FIGS.4and5schematicalyshowagalvaniccel accordingtothepresentinvention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION in FIG. 1, the curve, which is calculated from the equations2.153and2.91intheabove-mentionedbook byK.J.Veter,showsthatthemeanlimitingcurrent densitydecreasesrapidlywithincreasingplatesize.The cathode.Thecathodeconsistspreferablyoftwistedor braidedstrandsofaninertmetal,butcanalsobemade ofperforatedmetalsheetorexpandedshetmetal.This kindofbaterywilprobablynotbesuitableforcels Abovementionedandotherfeaturesandobjectsof 30 thepresentinventionwilclearlyappearfromthefol lowingdetaileddescriptionofembodimentsofthein ventiontakeninconjunctionwiththedrawings,where BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG.1showsacurveilustratinghowplatesizes influencethelimitingcurent, FIG.2showsaspiralcathode, FIG.3showsthepreferredexpansionofacathode Ifsuchacelisusedclosetothewatersurfaceunder curvevaluesarecalculatedataflowvelocityof0.01 conditionsofstrongwaveaction,thewoolstructure50 m/sparaleltothesurfaceandinthelengthdirectionof maybemechanicalydestroyedunlesaverystifqual theplate.Asthelimitingcurentisthehighestcurent ityisused.Also,closetothesurface,biofouling(for densityposible,thesizeoftheplateperpendicularto exampleofalgae,barnaclesandmusels)wilbeaprob thedirectionofflowshouldbekeptassmalasisconsis lemunlescopperoracopperaloyisusedasthecath55 tentwiththemechanicalloadsonthecathode. ode.Thecorosionofcopperwilnormallyleaksufi Thecurvedescribesthemeancurentdensityovera cientamountsofcopperionstofunctionasanexcelent platecathodeasafunctionofthelengthoftheplate, antifoulingagentaslongasthecathodepotentialisnot assumingpuredifusioncontrolofthereaction.(Ideal loweredtoomuchfromthefrecorrosionpotentialof electrocatalystandinfiniteconductivityoftheelectro themetal.Asthecorosionpotentialofcopperislow lyte.)Currentgeneratedattheleadingedgeisnotin comparedtothecathodepotentialofcatalyzedcath60 odesunderload,thecelvoltageofcopperbasedseawa tercelsishoweveronly1.2Vascomparedto1.6Vfor celsusingcatalyzedstainlesstel.Also,ascopperisa verysoftmetal,coper-wolcathodesdonothave suficientstrengthtobeusedunderroughconditions.65 increases when the ratio between the actual current Metalplatecathodescanbeused,butthemasstransport limitingcurentforplatesislowanddecreaseswiththe lengthoftheplate.Thishasbendescribedinabookby densityandthelimitingcurrentdensityincreasesand mayeventuallyleadtoformationofacalcareouslayer on the cathode. cluded. Anotheraspectofachievingahighlimitingcurrentis toreducethecompositionalchangesoftheelectrolyte attheelectrodesurface.Thesechanges(alkalinization)PDF Image | Patent SEAWATER BATTERY
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |