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Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 810 20 of 29 nomaterials 2021, 11, x 19 of 28 Figure 14. (A) Cycling properties of VO2 NWs in MgSO4 electrolyte; (B) TEM micrograph of the Figure 14. (A) Cycling properties of VO2 NWs in MgSO4 electrolyte; (B) TEM micrograph of the anode before cycling; anode before cycling; (C) Relaxed geometries of fully Mg decorated of bare and halide encapsu- (C) Relaxed geometries of fully Mg decorated of bare and halide encapsulated B40 (B in pink, Mg in green); (D) Top and lated B40 (B in pink, Mg in green); (D) Top and side views of the most stable configuration for five side views of the most stable configuration for five Mg atoms adsorption on a C2N monolayer (yellow, orange and pink Mg atoms adsorption on a C2N monolayer (yellow, orange and pink balls denote the Mg atoms balls denote the Mg atoms located in the top, middle and bottom layers from the side view). Adapted with permission located in the top, middle and bottom layers from the side view). Adapted with permission from from [183–185]. Copyright Elsevier B.V. (2019,2021) and Royal Society of Chemistry (2019). [183–185]. Copyright Elsevier B.V. (2019,2021) and Royal Society of Chemistry (2019). Shakerzadeh et al. went through the latest outcomes in the field of boron clusters, Shakerzadeh et al. went through the latest outcomes in the field of boron clusters, among which the recently experimentally observed all-boron B40 fullerene with D2d sym- among which the recently experimentally observed all-boron B40 fullerene with D2d sym- metry is a stable allotrope. The authors set up DFT calculations to determine if B40 fullerene metry is a stable allotrope. The authors set up DFT calculations to determine if B40 fuller- could behave as an efficient anode for MIBs [184]. It emerged that the interactions between ene could behave as an efficient anode for MIBs [184]. It emerged that the interactions magnesium ions and heptagonal/hexagonal holes of B40 fullerene were much stronger than between magnesium ions and heptagonal/hexagonal holes of B40 fullerene were much those with magnesium metal. To calculate the performance of B40 fullerene, its six holes stronger than those with magnesium metal. To calculate the performance of B40 fullerene, were decorated with magnesium metal centres (Figure 14C), resulting in an open-circuit its six holes were decorated with magnesium metal centres (Fig−u1re 14C), resulting in an voltage and a storage capacity of 5.5 V and 744 mAh g , respectively. Surprisingly, it also open-circuit voltage and a storage capacity of 5.5 V and 744 mAh g−1, respectively. Sur- emerged that halides (fluoride, chloride, bromide) encapsulation within B40 fullerene could prisingly, it also emerged that halides (fluoride, chloride, bromide) encapsulation within materials for MIBs. markedly enhance the open-circuit voltage up to 8.8 V. Overall, this study should push B40 fullerene could markedly enhance the open-circuit voltage up to 8.8 V. Overall, this experimental scientists towards the preparation of boron-based anode materials for MIBs. study should push experimental scientists towards the preparation of boron-based anode Theoretical investigations were also carried out to predict the fabrication of MIBs in stretchable configurations, in order to be employed in healthcare devices and sensors. Theoretical investigations were also carried out to predict the fabrication of MIBs in In particular, Wu et al. worked on two-dimensional nitrogenated holey graphene (C2N) stretchable configurations, in order to be employed in healthcare devices and sensors. In anodes (Figure 14D) [185], predicting a maximum capacity and an open circuit voltage −1 particular, Wu et al. worked on two-dimensional nitrogenated holey graphene (C2N) an- of 1175 mAh g and 0.447 eV, respectively, in the strain-free state. The authors high- odes (Figure 14D) [185], predicting a maximum capacity and an open circuit voltage of lighted that the mechanical activation represents an effective strategy to boost charge 1175 mAh g−1 and 0.447 eV, respectively, in the strain-free state. The authors highlighted redistribution and raising capacity values under tensile and compressive strains. Overall, it that the mechanical activation represents an effective strategy to boost charge redistribu- emerged that strains were able to remodulate—at the atomic scale—the structure of anodic tion and ramisiantgerciaplsa,crietydvisatlruibeus tuingderletecntrsoilnesaindacoumnipforersmsivweasytraninds.pOrovmeroaltli,nigt etmhergeeadctivation of that strainsawdseorrepatbiolentsoitresm. oTdhuelastree—tcahtatbhleadtoevmicicesschaolew—edthea sttwruoc-stutargeeofdaifnfuodsiiocnmmatecrhi-anism: the als, redistriobutt-ionfg-pellaencetrmonasgineasiumnifiornms wdiaffyuasend rparpoimdloytiingtthheefirresatcstitvaagtei,onwhofilaedinsotrhpe- following tion sites. Tonhe tshtreeticnh-pablalneedmevaigcenesshiouwmedionastwmoig-srtaatgede dmifofduesiroantelmy.ecEhvaenisimf t:htihsestouudty-osf-eems quite plane magnfaersifuromiothnestdraifdfuitsioednarlaopnideslyininththeefifeilrdstosftMagIeB,sw, ihtiwleaisnptrheecifoullsotwoipnrgoovnideethnew insights in-plane moangnmesiciuromsciaolnesmeicghranteidsmmsofdoerrsatreeltyc.hEavbeleneifnethrgisysstutodryagseedmesviqcuesit,esufagrgfersotming suitable structural requirements for bidimensional anodes.PDF Image | Overview on Anodes for Magnesium Batteries
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