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1 Introduction Immersion of an electrified vehicle’s battery pack is a relatively infrequent occurrence in the real world, especially with a depth of water that can fully immerse a battery pack, yet there are many insights to be gained from exploratory testing of these conditions as they represent an important safety scenario for a battery system. Researching and understanding the safety implications of battery immersion could help provide guidance and background materials to a range of stakeholders including manufacturers, first and second responders, and the general public. Additionally, these events may also highlight or accelerate other issues with a battery’s safety system that may not necessarily appear during more routine testing. Moreover, as electrified vehicle become more popular among consumers, the probability of electrified vehicles to be involved in large-scale flooding events also increases, which may increase the frequency with which immersion occurs in the real world. Therefore, it may be worthwhile to investigate the procedures to be utilized as well as the response of recent Li-ion batteries under these conditions. The project was designed to accomplish the following two goals: (1) Provide educational materials and background testing for immersion behaviors and results; and (2) Investigate differences and recommendations across various procedures (and identify any gaps or differences in the procedures). Findings and recommendations related to these goals are discussed in the body of this report. 1.1 Highlighted Battery Immersion References and Applicable Insights for Further Investigation Because battery immersion testing is a key component of many battery abuse and safety evaluation procedures, there are existing battery immersion safety standards, which are used as a starting point for discussion, as well as for leading the exploratory research for the battery pack immersion testing discussed later in this report. During the investigating of the current options for battery immersion testing, differences can be observed for the various testing standards in three primary areas: (1) the salinity of water used for immersion, (2) the duration of immersion, and (3) the post-immersion observation time (if any exists). Three key evaluation methods are summarized below, with underlining to emphasize key parameters and methods in each method. SAE J2464 NOV2009 – 4.3.5 Immersion Test (Module or Pack Level) “With the DUT in its normal operating orientation and at full state of charge, immerse the DUT in ambient temperature salt water (5% by weight NaCl in H2O) for a minimum of 2 hours or until any visible reactions have stopped ....” (SAE International, n.d.) USABC Battery Abuse Testing – 4.4 Water Immersion “Salt water should be an approximation of seawater (3.5% (600 mM, 35 ppt) sodium chloride).... The DUT should remain immersed for (1) a minimum of 2 hours or (2) until failure of the DUT (HSL ≥5).... DUT should be monitored for at least 30 minutes after the completion of the test.” (Orendorff et al., 2017) 1PDF Image | Li-Ion Battery Pack Immersion Exploratory Investigation
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)