PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 010
Nanomaterials 2022, 12, 3528 aggregations inside the ultra-short CNTs were tens of times higher than that in the solu- tions outside the CNTs (see more details in Figure S5). Thus, these EDS results demon- strate that the ultra-short CNTs could enrich Pb2+ from a dilute PbCl2 solution to high concentrations. The length ratios of filling length to total CNTs for 10 random ultra-short CNTs were analyzed, and the results are shown in Figure 8d. The highest value was 0.81 10 of 13 Figure 8.. (a) An HAADF-STEM image of a PbCl2 aggregation inside an ultra-short CNT. (b) EDS 2 mappings of elements C, O, Pb and Cl corresponding to the area in (a). (c) EDS results for the ag- mappings of elements C, O, Pb and Cl corresponding to the area in (a). (c) EDS results for the gregation in (a) (the Mo signal comes from the Mo sample grid). (d) Filling length/total length ra- aggregation in (a) (the Mo signal comes from the Mo sample grid). (d) Filling length/total length and the average value for the 10 samples was ~0.54, indicating the ultra-short CNTs could efficiently enrich Pb2+ ions. tios for aggregations inside 10 random ultra-short CNTs. ratios for aggregations inside 10 random ultra-short CNTs. In addition to the heavy-metal ion P2+b2+, the ultra-short CNTs could enrich alka- In addition to the heavy-metal ion Pb , the ultra-short CNTs could enrich alkaline- line-earth-metal ions such a2+s Ca2+ (Figure S6). The salt enrichment inside ultra-short earth-metal ions such as Ca (Figure S6). The salt enrichment inside ultra-short CNTs CNTs was attributed to hydrated-cation–π interactions. The strong cation–π interactions was attributed to hydrated-cation–π interactions. The strong cation–π interactions between + 2++2+2+2+2+2+2++2+ 3++ 3+ between other cations (including Li , Mg , Cu , Cd , Cr , Ag and Rh ) and aro- other cations (including Li , Mg , Cu , Cd , Cr , Ag and Rh ) and aromatic-ring matic-ring structures observed elsewhere [47,48] suggest that ultra-short CNTs can be structures observed elsewhere [47,48] suggest that ultra-short CNTs can be applied to applied to high-efficiency ion accumulation for a wide range of ions. high-efficiency ion accumulation for a wide range of ions. 4. Conclusions The wet chemical method to fill CNTs is widely used in scientific research due to it The wet chemical method to fill CNTs is widely used in scientific research due to it having a relatively simple operation and a large filling material range [13,14]. However, low having a relatively simple operation and a large filling material range [13,14]. However, efficiencies restrict the applications of the wet chemical method in many cases [13,24,26] and constitute a barrier to the realization and commercialization of certain CNT applications [13]. In the present study, we shortened long CNTs using ball milling and then removed the blockages inside these nanotubes with acid pickling. Then the ion-enrichment capacity of these obtained ultra-short CNTs was compared with that of long CNTs. The results showed that the enrichment capacity of the ultra-short CNTs for ions was much higher than that of the long CNTs due to the ultra-short CNTs being more unobstructed. Alkali-metal ions (e.g., K+), alkaline-earth-metal ions (e.g., Ca2+) and heavy-metal ions (e.g., Pb2+) could be enriched in the ultra-short CNTs. The ion enrichment inside the ultra-short CNTs was attributed to hydrated-cation–π interactions. The strong cation–π interactions between other cations (including Li+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Cr2+, Ag+, and Rh3+) and aromatic-ring structures observed elsewhere [47,48] suggest that ultra-short CNTs can be applied to ion accumulation for a wide range of ions. Thus, this study provides valuable information for the application of CNTs to next-generation water purification systems [3], ion batteries [4,5], memory devices [6], supercapacitors [7,8] and field emissions [9–11].PDF Image | Ion Enrichment inside Ultra-Short Carbon Nanotubes
PDF Search Title:
Ion Enrichment inside Ultra-Short Carbon NanotubesOriginal File Name Searched:
nanomaterials-12-03528.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)