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which correspond to the electron lifetimes of 131 ms and 73 ms in seawater and 1 M KOH, respectively. It is noteworthy that the electron lifetime in seawater was 1.8 times that in 1 M KOH and a smaller semicircle radius was obtained in seawater. Therefore, it was obvious that the TNTs in seawater exhibited low recombination rates as well as effective charge carrier separation, thus leading to easier water oxidation. According to previous work by Zhang et al.,135 significant enhancement of the photocurrent density in NaCl-containing electrolyte can be attributed to the adsorbed Cl-. That is, the modified chloride on the TiO2 surface can effectively trap the photogenerated holes and thus promote charge carrier separation, as demonstrated by our EIS analysis for TNTs in seawater electrolyte. As a result, such effective water oxidation can be expected for efficient photocharging in the seawater battery. Beyond the PEC water oxidation, an oxygen reduction peak was clearly observed in TNTs under 1 Sun illumination, as can be seen in the cyclic voltammetry tests of TNTs (Figure 46 (c)). This indicates that TNTs have suitable photoelectrochemical activity during the discharging process in the seawater battery. The TNTs photoanode was employed in the seawater cell for the photocharging process (Figure 46 (d)). The solar seawater battery showed 0.18 mA cm-2 of photocurrent at 3.48 VNa+/Na, and the onset potential was 2.48 VNa+/Na in the two-electrode configuration. In the dark state, there was no photocurrent. We also performed chronoamperometric measurements at 3.48 VNa+/Na of applied bias for 5 h, which yielded an average ~0.17 mA cm-2 of photocurrent (Figure 47). These results confirmed that the TNTs photoanode can stably produce a photocurrent in seawater for a long time under solar irradiation. We also confirmed that it is possible to charge the seawater cell by using the TNTs photoanode. Thus, we integrated the photoanode into the actual seawater cell to investigate how much the charging voltage can be lowered. 72PDF Image | China solar seawater battery
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Product and Development Focus for Infinity Turbine
ORC Waste Heat Turbine and ORC System Build Plans: All turbine plans are $10,000 each. This allows you to build a system and then consider licensing for production after you have completed and tested a unit.Redox Flow Battery Technology: With the advent of the new USA tax credits for producing and selling batteries ($35/kW) we are focussing on a simple flow battery using shipping containers as the modular electrolyte storage units with tax credits up to $140,000 per system. Our main focus is on the salt battery. This battery can be used for both thermal and electrical storage applications. We call it the Cogeneration Battery or Cogen Battery. One project is converting salt (brine) based water conditioners to simultaneously produce power. In addition, there are many opportunities to extract Lithium from brine (salt lakes, groundwater, and producer water).Salt water or brine are huge sources for lithium. Most of the worlds lithium is acquired from a brine source. It's even in seawater in a low concentration. Brine is also a byproduct of huge powerplants, which can now use that as an electrolyte and a huge flow battery (which allows storage at the source).We welcome any business and equipment inquiries, as well as licensing our turbines for manufacturing.CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)