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Processes 2020, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW 11 of 17 3.7. Immersion Test Analyses The corrosion rate curves of the Mg, Mg–8%Al, and Mg–8%Al–xBi alloys were compared in Figure 9. It reflects that the Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy has the slowest corrosion rate and its chemical Processes 2020, 8, 1362 11 of 17 corrosion resistance is better than that of Mg and the Mg–8%Al alloy. The corrosion rate of all alloys is faster at the beginning of corrosion, then gradually slows down, and finally, tends to be constant. Because a passivation film is formed on the surface of the alloy, the protection of the passivation film is faster at the beginning of corrosion, then gradually slows down, and finally, tends to be constant. and the hydrogen evolution overpotential of the alloy determine the alloy’s corrosion rate. The better Because a passivation film is formed on the surface of the alloy, the protection of the passivation film protection of the passivation film, the higher the hydrogen evolution overpotential of the alloy, and and the hydrogen evolution overpotential of the alloy determine the alloy’s corrosion rate. The better the slower the corrosion rate. The results indicate that the addition of metal Bi slows down the protection of the passivation film, the higher the hydrogen evolution overpotential of the alloy, and the evolution of hydrogen because Bi is a high hydrogen evolution overpotential metal. Therefore, the slower the corrosion rate. The results indicate that the addition of metal Bi slows down the evolution chemical corrosion rate of the Mg–Al–Bi alloy is lower than that of pure magnesium and pure of hydrogen because Bi is a high hydrogen evolution overpotential metal. Therefore, the chemical aluminum [45]. corrosion rate of the Mg–Al–Bi alloy is lower than that of pure magnesium and pure aluminum [45]. 0.014 (a) Mg-8Al 5 10 15 20 25 30 Time/h 0.0116 (b) 0.0114 0.0112 0.0110 0.0108 0.0106 0.0104 0.0102 0.0100 0.0098 0.0 Figure 9. (a) Corrosion rate–time curves of Mg–8%Al–xBi alloys measured in 3.5% NaCl solution. Figure 9. (a) Corrosion rate–time curves of Mg–8%Al–xBi alloys measured in 3.5% NaCl solution. (b) (b) Weight loss–Bi content of Mg–8%Al–xBi alloys soaked in 3.5% NaCl solution for 24h. Weight loss–Bi content of Mg–8%Al–xBi alloys soaked in 3.5% NaCl solution for 24h. 0.010 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0.000 0.2 0.4 Mg Mg Mg-8Al-XBi Mg-8Al 0.6 0.8 1.0 Mg-8Al-0.2Bi 0.012 Mg-8Al-0.4Bi Mg-8Al-0.6Bi Mg-8Al-0.8Bi Mg-8Al-1.0Bi The anode surface morphologies of pure Mg and Mg alloys immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution The anode surface morphologies of pure Mg and Mg alloys immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 12 and 24 h are shown in Figure 10. According to the microstructure and corrosion morphology, for 12 and 24 h are shown in Figure 10. According to the microstructure and corrosion morphology, corrosion can be classified as either “dotted” or “flaky” corrosion type. The degree of corrosion at the corrosion can be classified as either “dotted” or “flaky” corrosion type. The degree of corrosion at the center of the sample is determined by the alloy properties, while the corrosion at the edge of the center of the sample is determined by the alloy properties, while the corrosion at the edge of the sample isdseatmerpmleinisedebtyertmheinaeldlobyyptrhoepaelrltoiyesparnopdeerdtigeseasntrdesesd.gTehsetrceosrsr.oTshioencomrroorspiohnolmogoyrpohfotlhoegMyogf–t8h%eAMlga–lloy is s8im%iAlalratloloythiastsoimf tilhaer Mtogth–a8t%oAf tlh–e0.M4%gB–8i%alAloly–,0w.4%hiBcihailslomy,awinhliychfliaskmy.aTinhlye fmlaektya.llTohgerampehtiacllpohgroatpoghircaph photograph indicates that corrosion started to form small flaky corrosion areas and then, connected indicates that corrosion started to form small flaky corrosion areas and then, connected into a larger into a larger corrosion areas. The formation of larger “flaky” corrosion areas and deep pitting corrosion areas. The formation of larger “flaky” corrosion areas and deep pitting corrosion of pure corrosion of pure Mg revealed that the occurrence and spread of corrosion was very fast. That is, pure Mg revealed that the occurrence and spread of corrosion was very fast. That is, pure magnesium can magnesium can quickly initiate corrosion, but cannot prevent the spread of corrosion. The corrosion quickly initiate corrosion, but cannot prevent the spread of corrosion. The corrosion products exist in products exist in the form of individual large pieces and are not connected into flakes. This leads to the form of individual large pieces and are not connected into flakes. This leads to a lower corrosion a lower corrosion resistance of pure magnesium. The degree of corrosion increases in the order Mg– resistance of pure magnesium. The degree of corrosion increases in the order Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi < 8%Al–0.4%Bi < Mg–8%Al < Mg. Hence, the Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy shows the best corrosion Mg–8%Al < Mg. Hence, the Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy shows the best corrosion resistance, and the resistance, and the pure Mg exhibits the most serious corrosion. In Figure 10, the edge corrosion of pure Mg exhibits the most serious corrosion. In Figure 10, the edge corrosion of pure magnesium is pure magnesium is light, but the center corrosion is serious. It has good edge stress resistance, but light, but the center corrosion is serious. It has good edge stress resistance, but the matrix has poor the matrix has poor resistance to chemical corrosion. The pitting corrosion of pure magnesium resistance to chemical corrosion. The pitting corrosion of pure magnesium spreads to the depths spreads to the depths of the magnesium matrix, causing more serious corrosion. The corrosion of of the magnesium matrix, causing more serious corrosion. The corrosion of Mg–8%Al alloy and Mg–8%Al alloy and Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy is basically concentrated on the edge, and the corrosion resistance of the matrix is better. Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi has the least degree of corrosion, so its corrosion Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy is basically concentrated on the edge, and the corrosion resistance of the matrix resistance is the strongest in 3.5% NaCl without discharge. is better. Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi has the least degree of corrosion, so its corrosion resistance is the strongest in 3.5% NaCl without discharge. Bi/% Corrosion rate/ g ·cm-2 Weight loss/ g ·cm-2PDF Image | Alloy Anode for Seawater Batteries and Related Mechanisms
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