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Processes 2020, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 of 17 passivation film. Therefore, the discharge performance and utilization efficiency of the battery were Processes 2020, 8, 1362 9 of 17 improved. Mg Al Figure 7. Element mapping of elements Mg, Al, and Bi for (a) as-cast Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi and (b) Figure 7. Element mapping of elements Mg, Al, and Bi for (a) as-cast Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi and (b) Mg– Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy discharged at 120 mA/cm2 for 30 min without discharge products. 8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy discharged at 120 mA/cm2 for 30 min without discharge products. 3.6. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Analyses 3.6. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Analyses Figure 8 displays the Nyquist plots of Mg, Mg–8%Al, and Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi measured in Figure 8 displays the Nyquist plots of Mg, Mg–8%Al, and Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi measured in 3.5% 3.5% NaCl solution at 25 ± 1 ◦C. According to Figure 8, the interfacial processes and corrosion NaCl solution at 25 ± 1 °C. According to Figure 8, the interfacial processes and corrosion mechanisms mechanisms are studied. The shapes of the Nyquist diagrams of all three samples are similar, are studied. The shapes of the Nyquist diagrams of all three samples are similar, so they have similar so they have similar electrochemical behavior. All Nyquist plots have three parts: two capacitive electrochemical behavior. All Nyquist plots have three parts: two capacitive semicircles at high semicircles at high frequency and medium frequency, and one inductive semicircle at low frequency. frequency and medium frequency, and one inductive semicircle at low frequency. The capacitive The capacitive semicircles at high frequency and medium frequency are related to electron transfer semicircles at high frequency and medium frequency are related to electron transfer and the and the electrochemical double-layer. The larger the radius of the semicircle, the greater the corrosion electrochemical double-layer. The larger the radius of the semicircle, the greater the corrosion resistance. The radius of the loops increases according to the order Mg < Mg–8%Al < Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi. resistance. The radius of the loops increases according to the order Mg < Mg–8%Al < Mg–8%Al– 0.4%Bi. There is a low frequency induction semicircle in almost all magnesium alloys, which may be to athtteribiuntedratcotitohne oinftecroarcrtoiosnioonf pcorrordousicotns parnoduthctes aconrdrothdedcorarlolodyedsualrlfoayces.urfTahce. MThge–M8%g–A8l%–0A.4l–%Bi allo0.y4%pBoissaellsosyespotshseshseigshtheesthimghpeestdiamnpcedandceiatnedxhitiebxithsibtihtsethoeptoipmtiaml aclocrorrorsoisoinonrreessiissttance, whicichh is conisicsotennsitswteintthwthitehrtehseulrtessoublttsaoinbetadininedthien itmhemimermsioernsieoxnpexripmereinmt.enInt. oInrdoerdteor etxopelxapinlatihnethNeyNquyqisutipstlots, There is a low frequency induction semicircle in almost all magnesium alloys, which may be attributed plots, an equivalent circuit is used to model the impedance (Figure 8b). Table 3 lists the main EIS an equivalent circuit is used to model the impedance (Figure 8b). Table 3 lists the main EIS parameters parameters of the equivalent circuit fitted by ZSimpWin software. In the equivalent circuit fitting of the equivalent circuit fitted by ZSimpWin software. In the equivalent circuit fitting parameters parameters of the Mg alloy, CPEct and Rct describe the electrochemical double layer and the charge of the Mg alloy, CPEct and Rct describe the electrochemical double layer and the charge transfer transfer resistance, respectively; CPEfilm and Rfilm describe the capacitance and resistance of the resistance, respectively; CPEfilm and Rfilm describe the capacitance and resistance of the passivation passivation film on the alloy, respectively. R and L, respectively, describe the low frequency film on the alloy, respectively. R and L, respectively, describe the low frequency inductance resistance inductance resistance and inductance resulting from the adsorption of corrosion products. Rs and inductance resulting from the adsorption of corrosion products. Rs describes the resistance describes the resistance of the solution. The value of Rct + Rfilm determines the corrosion resistance of of the solution. The value of Rct + Rfilm determines the corrosion resistance of the material in the the material in the electrolyte. The larger the value of Rct + Rfilm, the better the corrosion resistance. electrolyte. The larger the value of R + R ct film ct film , the better the corrosion resistance. The R + R The Rct + Rfilm of Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy reaches 205 Ω, while the Rct + Rfilm of pure Mg is 19.941 Ω. of Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy reaches 205 Ω, while the R + R of pure Mg is 19.941 Ω. For the ct film For the Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy, the observed Rct + Rfilm is much larger than that of the Mg and Mg– Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy, the observed R + R is much larger than that of the Mg and Mg–8%Al ct film 8%Al alloys. It shows the Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy has better corrosion resistance, which is consistent alloys. It shows the Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy has better corrosion resistance, which is consistent with with the results of the immersion experiment. the results of the immersion experiment.PDF Image | Alloy Anode for Seawater Batteries and Related Mechanisms
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