PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 010
15 producedinthedigestivetracksofmostmammals,organisms such as termites, and microorganisms during digestion, as Well as in Wetlands, sWamps and bogs, Where large amounts ofrottingvegetationaccumulate.Biogasiscomposedmainly of methane and carbon dioxide in varying proportions, and contains trace levels of other elements such as hydrogen sul?de (H2S), hydrogen, and/or carbon monoxide. Shale gas is also a suitable source of methane and other higher hydrocarbons. Shale gas is a conventional natural gas source that is typically obtained after hydraulic fracturing, i.e.,thepropagationoffracturesinarocklayercausedbythe presenceofapressuriZed?uid.Hydraulicfracturesmay form naturally,asinthecaseofveinsordikes,ormay beman-made in order to release natural gas, coal seam gas, shale gas or other methane containing gases. 16 to syn-gas and further to methanol or dimethyl ether might render the exploitation of methane hydrates more economi cal. EXAMPLES The folloWing examples illustrate the most preferred embodiments of the invention Without limiting it. Example 1 A suitablemolarmixtureofCO2,methane(ornaturalgas) and steam (Water) to alloW for a conversion of methane and CO2 inexcessof90% isreformedinasinglestepinaHow reactoroveracatalystsuchasNiO atatemperatureofabout 800° C. to 850° C. to produce a gas mixture With a molar ratio of approximately 2.05 moles of hydrogen to one mole of carbon monoxide. In this Example, the catalyst support is fusedaluminahavingasuitablylargenanostructuredsurface. The NiO on fused alumina support is quite stable for the reformingprocess. Example2 A mixtureofmethane,CO, andH20 (3:1:2moleratio)is reacted over a catalyst composed ofVZOS/NiO supported on nanostructural high surface area fused silica to give a hydro gen/carbonmonoxidegasmixturecloseto2:1suitableforthe productionofmethanol. Example3 Hydrogen and carbon monoxide produced close to 2:1 ratio,asinExample 1and2,areconvertedtoproducemetha nol under catalytic reaction conditions using copper based catalysts. Example4 ThemethanolproducedinExample3canbedehydratedto dimethyl ether using a solid acid catalyst such as Na?on H betWeen 100° C. to 200° C. Example 5 The Water formed during the dehydration of methanol to dimethyletherisreactedWithCH4 andCO2 ina2:3:1overall molar ratio in the one-step bi-reforming process. With such Waterrecyclingdimethyletherisproducedusingmethane andCO2 inanoverallratioof3:1. Example 6 Methane and carbon dioxide in a mole ratio of 1:1 is dry reformedoverNiO/V2O5 onfumedsilicaat850°C.inaHow systemtoobtainamixtureofhydrogenandcarbonmonoxide in an approximate 1:1 molar ratio. The invention described and claimed herein is not to be limited in scope by the speci?c embodiments herein dis closed, as these embodiments are intended as illustrative of severalaspectsoftheinvention.Anyequivalentembodiments are intended to be Within the scope of this invention, as they Willbecomeapparenttothoseskilledintheartfromthe present description. Such embodiments are also intended to fall Within the scope of the appended claims. Any suitablesourceofcarbondioxideobtainedfromany available source can be used, such as, carbon dioxide obtainedfromemissionsofpoWerplantsburningfossilfuels, fermentationprocesses,calcinationoflimestone,otherindus trial sources, or even the atmosphere is utiliZed via its chemi calrecyclingprovidingreneWablecarbonfuelsintomitigat ing the environmentally harmful effect of excess CO2. A carbon dioxide source obtained from an exhaust stream from fossil fuel burning poWer or industrial plant, or a source 25 accompanying natural gas can be used. According to the processoftheinvention,carbondioxideisrecycledinsteadof itbeingsequestered,WhichprovidesaWay ofdisposaltothe carbondioxideproducedbycoalandotherfossilfuelburning poWerplantsandindustriesproducinglargeamountsofcar bon dioxide. TheprocessesoftheinventioncanalsoutiliZecarbondiox ide source from the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide content can be separated and absorbed by using various processes as described inU.S. Pat. Nos. 7,378,561 and 7,795,175 or canbe recycledchemicallyasdescribedinUS. Pat.Nos.7,605,293 and7,608,743. The processes of the invention can also utiliZe hydrogen derivedfromavarietyofsources,includingtheelectrolysisor 40 cleavageofWater.One sourceofhydrogencanbefromthe processofsteamreformingofnaturalgas,including,Without limitation, in combination With the Water gas shift reaction. The processes of the invention can ?nd multiple applica tions.Withoutbeinglimiting,thecombinationofsteamand 45 dryreformingcanbeusedfortherecyclingofCO2 emissions fromcoalandotherfossilfuelsburningpoWerplants.Itisalso advantageousforuseandrecyclingofCO2 fromnaturalgas sources,WhichtypicallycontainsubstantialCO2 concentra tions.Thisisadditionallypractical,asCO2Would,otherWise, havetoberemovedtoalloWfurtherprocessingofthenatural gas. Some natural gas sources contain CO2 concentration from 5 to 20%. For example, the natural gas at the Sleipner platforminNorWaycontains,forexample,9% CO2.There, the CO2 is currently already separated and sequestered 55 beneath the North Sea in a deep saline aquifer. Other CO2 separation and sequestration processes are already being practicedinAlgeriaandotherlocations,butsequestrationis only a temporary, costly storage process With the release of largeamountsofCO2Whengeologicalevents(suchasearth 60 quakes) occur. Another application of the processes of the invention is to theuseofmethanehydrates.Methanehydratesarecomposed of methane trapped by Water in cage like structures called clathrates.Methanehydratescouldbeprocessedusingacom 65 bination With a bi-reforming process Where Water in the form of steam is added to react With methane. The transformation US 8,440,729B2 20 30 50PDF Image | CONVERSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE TO METHANOL BIOREFORMING
PDF Search Title:
CONVERSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE TO METHANOL BIOREFORMINGOriginal File Name Searched:
US8440729.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |