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INTRODUCTION Concerns about energy affordability, energy security, and greenhouse gas emissions have heightened interest in the potential for energy efficiency because it offers a largely untapped energy resource for the economies of the world. Usable (waste) heat to power is a leading application area for energy efficiency that can address this growing need. This paper presents an exemplary trade study of two heat recovery technologies that can capture and convert these energy sources: heat recovery steam generation and Echogen’s supercritical CO2 based heat to power cycle. Usable (waste) heat to power – the existing market opportunity Repurposing usable (waste) heat to power represents a critical component of addressing global energy stability and security. The International Energy Outlook 2011 Report (1) estimates that the United States consumed 100.1 quadrillion BTU (quads) of energy in 2008 which is projected to increase 0.5 percent annually to 114.2 quads by 2035. Comparable energy consumption estimates for India, China and the non-OECD Asia region are summarized in Table 1. Table 1: Total Primary Energy Consumption by Region (from Ref. 1) Energy Consumption by Region (quadrillion BTU) Average Annual Percent Change (2008-2035) Region 2008 (Historical) 2035 (Projected) Non-OECD Asia China Other United States 137.9 298.8 2.9 86.2 191.4 3.0 30.7 58.2 2.4 100.1 114.2 0.5 India 21.1 49.2 3.2 According to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), U. S. industry alone consumes approximately 32 quadrillion BTUs (quads) of energy per year, almost one third of all energy used in the U. S., of which 280,000 MWh lost as waste heat may be recoverable and repurposed as useable energy, while slashing GHG emissions by 20 percent and saving USD $70-150B per year on energy generation costs (2). Similar opportunities exist for India, China and the rest of the Non-OECD Asia region. Energy-intensive manufacturers such as steel, glass, cement, chemicals, glass, aluminum and pulp/paper, oil & gas, etc. often experience slim profit margins in the U.S. and reducing operating costs through reductions in energy consumption can help them gain a competitive edge. For example, a steel company with typical profit margins that cuts energy spending by $66,000 (e.g. by converting waste heat into electricity) would have to increase total sales by $1,000,000 in order to achieve the same financial impact. 2PDF Image | Echogen Power Systems SCO2
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