STUDY OF LOW-GRADE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY

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TUDY OF LOW-GRADE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY ( tudy-low-grade-waste-heat-recovery )

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methods including spray-drying, fluidized bed and other chemical approaches. The addition of the MPCM increases the fluid’s energy storage potential by adding the latent heat storage of the PCM. This is the energy that is required to turn the material from a solid into a liquid or liquid to a gas which will be released as the transformation is reversed [74]. This process happens with virtually no wasted energy and can provide an efficient means of thermal storage. However, this concept is currently not available for temperatures in the 400°F range and only applicable for refrigeration applications. Limitations with the encapsulation materials' high temperature capabilities as well as the phase change material density variations in the mixture are a major concern and require further research and development before this application is feasible [47]. The current encapsulation materials have a maximum working temperature of much less than 400°F and are made from natural or synthesized polymers or plastics, and currently the only reasonable material to handle that type of temperatures are metals. This brings up another issue, because using metals as the encapsulation material takes away the ability for the slurry to be pumped without causing substantial damage to the system. Energy Storage Tank with Phase Change Materials To avoid the problems with MPCM slurries, a stationary phase change energy storage system can be used. This system allows for higher temperature applications to be used and takes away the current issues of microencapsulation materials and density variations. The process works by using a phase change material packed into a storage tank where the high temperature fluid is pumped through and energy is transferred into the materials, causing a phase change to occur. This energy can then be stored in the latent heat and later used in a different process when the demand is required. This storage is able to bridge the gap between the availability of the energy and the demand. There are commercially available PCMs that are capable of withstanding high 63

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