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vapor from the evaporator is mixed with the absorbent material and then pumped to a generator where the refrigerant is re-vaporized using the energy contained in the waste heat. The major advantage of this system is that while a typical mechanically driven heat pump is only capable of increasing the temperature by 50°F, an absorption type heat pump is able to increase the temperature by 200°F to 300°F creating many more potential uses. Another possible benefit from using an absorption type heat pump is the ability to simultaneously provide heating and cooling which has the potential to further increase the economics of installation. This also allows for the wasted heat energy to be used in cooling processes such as refrigeration and space conditioning [42]. Figure 16 shows a simple schematic of how an absorption heat pump operates. There are two common types of absorption chiller chemical setups, the first type being a lithium bromide-water system. This type is used for larger tonnage applications and generally requires a water cooling system such as a cooling tower. The second type of system is an ammonia-water system which is more common for smaller applications and for applications requiring lower temperature. This system also requires less cooling and can be air-cooled [18]. The absorption chillers can also be configured into a single-stage or multiple-stage systems. The single-stage system was described earlier and rejects some heat to the environment due to incomplete mixing where as a multiple-stage system uses this rejected energy to generate more refrigerant vapor, increasing the efficiency of the process by about 40%. The multiple-stage chillers do require higher temperature heat input to be effective and may not be applicable for most low temperature waste heat recovery operations [52]. Both types of absorption heat pump setups have a lower coefficient of performance than that of mechanical chillers, however have the advantages of 44PDF Image | TUDY OF LOW-GRADE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
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