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STUDY OF LOW-GRADE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY

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TUDY OF LOW-GRADE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY ( tudy-low-grade-waste-heat-recovery )

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exchanger recovers when both are present [9]. This is because the condensing economizer works by lowering the exhaust gas below its dew point temperature and with such a high entering temperature of 530°F and a fixed surface area, the heat exchanger is not capable of condensing the steam in the exhaust, turning the condensing economizer into nothing more than a regular heat exchanger. While the condensing economizer is capable of recovering large quantities of low temperature energy, there is a reason why this is not a widely used method of energy recovery. By cooling the exhaust gas stream below the dew point temperature, the water will condense releasing its latent heat but also corrosive materials contained in the water that can foul the heat exchanger used. Depending on the type of fuel which is being used, corrosive materials such as CO2, NOx, SOx, unoxidized organics, minerals and the water itself are present. This causes heat exchangers constructed from ordinary materials to quickly foul and become ineffective at transferring heat energy. To prevent this occurrence and to be able to recover the latent heat in the exhaust gas stream, condensing heat exchangers can be made from certain advanced alloys and composite materials. This, however, significantly increases the implementation cost of such heat exchangers and is not economically feasible if a use for the relatively low temperature energy cannot be found [4]. Condensing heat exchangers can be configured as a shell-and-tube or plate-and-frame heat exchanger but the vast majorities are shell-and-tube. This is because the plate-and-frame types are generally used for liquid to liquid heat exchange where condensing does not take place [19]. Along with creating the heat exchanger from advanced alloys and composite materials, typical system designs can include carbon steel tubes with a throwaway section at the cold end. This throwaway section is designed to take to brunt of the corrosive elements and when it becomes no 38

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