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To help determine the frequency that the heat exchanger will have to undergo maintenance, several fouling growth models have been established. These models include linear, power-law, falling-rate and asymptotic fouling growth rate models and all attempt to predict the time- dependent behavior of most fouling phenomena. The linear fouling model is associated with predicting the impact from crystallization of well-formed deposits consisting of mostly pure salt. The power law fouling model investigates the deposition of CaCO3 under relatively high temperature operations along with a representation of corrosion fouling data. The falling-rate fouling model normally occurs when the deposition rate is always greater than the removal rate and consists of modeling particulate fouling, but also includes some forms of crystallization fouling. Finally the asymptotic fouling model is generally observed in cooling water heat exchangers because of the formation of a scale layer of a weak, less coherent structure. These structures are associated with the simultaneous crystallization of salts of different shapes or with the presence of suspended particles embedded in the crystalline structure [75]. These models are still generic and depend on a considerable amount of assumptions and gross estimations of a random, time dependent process. These methods along with in-depth experimental data has shown that the fouling resistances for plate-and-frame heat exchanger are about 15 to 30% of that for a shell-and-tube heat exchanger when examined under similar conditions [76]. Although it is difficult to predict the exact timing that the heat exchanger must be cleaned, Zubair and Shah have developed a reliability-based and a cost-based cleaning strategy [76]. Both methods undergo the same cleaning scheme of one or more of the following maintenance items: The heat exchanger unit is hydro-tested to identify the damaged or leaking plates Open the unit to clean and replace damaged plate(s) 29PDF Image | TUDY OF LOW-GRADE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
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