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STUDY OF LOW-GRADE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY

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TUDY OF LOW-GRADE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY ( tudy-low-grade-waste-heat-recovery )

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Figure 10. Diagram of Split-Ring Floating Head Shell-and-tube Heat Exchanger [72]. Finally the last configuration of shell-and-tube heat exchangers considered is the outside packed floating head design. This design itself has two variations, one being a lantern-ring type and the other being a stuffing-box type. The lantern-ring type has a floating head which slides against a lantern-ring packing that is compressed between the shell's flange and cover [11]. This floating head acts as an expansion joint and eliminates the need for an additional expansion joint to be added. Also because the individual tubes and tube bundles can be removed, both the tube side and shell side can be mechanically cleaned. The design limitations are a maximum temperature possible of 375°F and a maximum pressure of 300 psi setting a narrow band on its range of usefulness [27]. The second setup, a stuffing-box type, differs from the lantern-ring type in that the seal is attached against an extension of the floating tube and the tube sheet cover is attached to the tube sheet extension by a split-ring [11]. This design is able to operate at a high pressure on the tube size but limited to about 150 psi on the shell side and a maximum temperature of about 300°F. Like the lantern-ring type, both individual tubes and the whole bundle are able to be removed, making cleaning of both the shell and tube side possible. However, both of these configurations are susceptible to leaking to the atmosphere compared to other designs and therefore should never be used for hydrocarbons or toxic fluids [27]. The following figure shows the setup and flow patterns of both designs. 23

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