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discussed along with the underlying goal behind condensing this water vapor from the exhaust stream. The second section of this chapter focuses on methods of amplifying the waste heat temperature. This amplification takes in the waste heat and adds additional energy to the system which, in turn, increases the overall temperature of the waste heat stream. This can be accomplished by both a mechanical heat pump and an absorption heat pump. The absorption heat pump can be used for not only this increase in temperature of the waste heat but also to provide a cooling effect which can be used in space conditioning applications. The specific applications for which each of these types are recommended are listed and general performance efficiencies are shown. The third portion of the chapter discusses different methods of converting the waste heat energy directly into electricity. This method is used when there is no or little direct use for a hot liquid nearby. The major methods discussed include power generation using an Organic Rankine Cycle, thermoelectric generators, thermophotovoltaics and a modified thermalphotovoltaic. The Organic Rankine Cycle uses the classic Rankine cycle and substitutes water with an organic fluid as the working fluid. This process uses waste heat to vaporize the working fluid and delivers it through a turbine which is connected to a generator to produce electricity. The thermoelectric generator uses the same concept as a thermocouple and creates a current flow by the temperature difference caused by waste heat flowing over a junction of dissimilar metals. The thermophotovoltaic operates similar to a solar PV cell however the energy source is switched from the sun to waste heat. This system design limits the heat transfer necessary to create an electrical current to that of radiation which sets the overall maximum efficiency of the system to that of a blackbody. More recently, modified thermophotovoltaic have been developed which eliminates efficiency limit problem by the addition of a converter which allows Coulomb 16PDF Image | TUDY OF LOW-GRADE WASTE HEAT RECOVERY
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