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UnitedStatesPatent0 ” 3,138,923 Patented June 30, 1964 1 2. 3,133,923 AUTOMOTIVE GAS TURBENE POWER PLANT Svendllot Kronogard, Goteborg, Sweden, assignor to Ab Volvo, Goteborg, Sweden, a corporation of Sweden Filed Mar. 22, 1957, Ser. No. 647,833 Claims priority, application Sweden Mar. 24, 1956 1Claim. (Cl.ell-39.2) By reason of their properties gas turbine power plants arenotdirectlysuitableforautomotivepurposes. An improvement is obtained, if the gas turbine is combined with a hydrodynamic torque converter and with a me chanical gearing connected thereto in the ordinary man ner, said gearing being of the planet gear type, for ex— ample. Stillmanydrawbacksremaineveninthelatter case. tively sloping torque characteristic in said reciprocating engines a good adaptability is nevertheless obtained, in case a hydrodynamic torque converter (positive turbine torque characteristic) be used. The torque curves for the absorbed torque of the hydrodynamic torque con verter and the engine intersect each other at a large angle, which is of the order of 90° or thereabout. In a combination of a hydrodynamic torque converter with a uni-shaft turbine it will be found, however, that thetorquecurvesforthedeliveredtorqueofthegastur bine (at a constant turbine temperature) and for the absorbed torque of the hydrodynamic torque converter have approximately the same angle of inclination, which makes that the curves intersect one another at a very small angle, resulting in a more or less reliable state of balance. Below a certain value of the turbine speed, corresponding to the lower point of intersection between the two torque curves, an unstable operating condition is obtained. By forming the hydrodynamic torque converter with adjustable guide blades a good balance may be obtained, however, with completely stable operating conditions, if said blade adjustment is made variable in such relation to the fuel control of the turbine that the torque character The present invention has for its object to provide a gas turbine power plant, which with respect to its torque characteristic is exceedingly well suited to vehicle drive, forexample. Thegasturbinepowerplantaccordingto20 the invention comprises a compressor member, a com bustion chamber member, a turbine member and a hydro dynamic torque converter, and is substantially distin guished by the feature that the reaction member of the hydrodynamictorqueconverterisprovidedwithadjust 25 isticsoftheturbineandthehydrodynamictorquecon ableblades. Byanadjustmentofthesebladesthetorque and the number of revolutions of the output shaft of the plant may be varied in a particularly advantageous man ner, for instance so that the gas turbine may operate at a substantially constant speed or at a speed which increases with an increasing speed of the output shaft, and vice versa. The plant also attains a very good e?iciency and consequently a relatively low consumption of fuel. verterintersecteachotherinsuchmannerthatthetorque curve of the turbine has a slope which is smaller than that of the torque ctuve for the input torque of the hydro dynamic torque converter. By varying the method of control for the blade angle or blade angles of the hydrodynamic torque converter in relation to the fuel control position, a combination may be obtained, wherein alternatively the speed of the gasturbineiskeptconstantorismadeincreasingorfall A simpleformofembodimentoftheinventionmay consistofagasturbine,whereintheturbinemember and 35 ingwithincreasingoutputshaftspeeds,whileagoodbal the compressor member are arranged on the same shaft, which is connected either directly or over a reduction gear to the pump member of the hydrodynamic torque con verter, the latter then comprising a pump and a turbine rimwith?xedbladesandareactionmember (guideblade rim)withadjustableblades. Byvaryingtheoutletangle and the outlet area of the guide blade rim an alteration of the absorbed torque of the hydrodynamic torque con verterisbroughtaboutinsuchmannerthattheabsorbed pump torque is reduced with a decreasing outlet angle 45 separate useful turbine combined with an automatic gear ing(correspondingapproximatelytothesametraction power performance), the advantages of the system de scribed are readily understood in this respect. tain value, after which it falls somewhat). As indicated above, the uni-shaft gas turbine could not by reason of its torque characteristic, unsuitable reduction of the linear dimensions, inasmuch as the trans mitted power isproportional to the number of revolutions raisedtothethirdpower. Furthermore,thehydrody namic torque converter operates with oil, compared with gas in a gas turbine of the free turbine type, for which reason the very great difference in speci?c Weight of the working medium results in very small dimensions for the reaction member as well as for the turbine and pump members of the hydrodynamic torque converter. Fur thermore, the hydrodynamic turbine operates at a tem perature which is only a fraction of those occurring in the turbine member of the gas turbine, which results in that an inexpensive and easily workable turbine material maybeused,Whileproblemsofcreepingstrengthand ance and stability is obtained all the time between the gas turbine and the hydrodynamic torque converter. Said arrangement results in a very condensed and light engine unit, which at the same time yields a high efl 40 ciency and a low fuel consumption in consequence andoutletarea. Atthesametimeadisplacementofthe elliciency curve is obtained in such manner that the top point and the coupling point thereof are displaced toward lower speed ratios between the turbine and the pump, thestartinggearratiothanalsoincreasing(uptoacer 50 sionedforaparticularlyhighspeedwitha.considerable above all for automotive purposes, be used for the opera tion of vehicles or within industrial ?elds of use, where one operates with large variations with respect to loads and speeds. The torque curve for the useful torque of the uni-shaft gas turbine, corresponding to a constant turbine temperature, is understood to show a very pro nounced positive slope (derivate), which makes this type of engine unstable under certain conditions, to which is added the fact that a negative slope of the torque curve for the output shaft is desired in connection with a vary ingload. Asacomparisonitmightbementionedthat carburetor engines of the reciprocating type generally 65 cooling are obviated practically entirely. Also a higher show a somewhat negative slope of the torque curve, whereas diesel engines show a nearly constant torque, that is to say, a slope of the approximate value of zero. Therefore,saidreciprocatingenginesrequireinauto motiveandinmostindustrial?eldsofuseaspecialgear 70 simplehydrodynamictorqueconverter,containingonly ing to be able to cope with any occurring load variations. three elements (pump, turbine and reaction member) to By reason, inter alia, of the horizontal or slightly nega attain a much ?atter efficiency curve and a starting gear thereto. Furthermore, as the combined useful and compressor turbine, in combination with the hydrodynamic torque converter, may be made cheaper and simpler than a The hydrodynamic torque converter may be dimen ef?ciencyisobtainedinahydrodynamicturbinebyreason ofthefactthataclosedturbinewheelmay beused,where by end losses and leakage over the blade crests can be eliminatedentirely. Furthermore,itispossiblewithaPDF Image | KRONOGARD AUTOMOTIVE GAS TURBINE POWER PLANT
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