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are cycling stability, power density and storage efficiency, whilst storage capacity is of course still one of the most important factors. These key parameters, too, are to be weighted differently, depending on the system design and application. In any case, recently published material indicates that for certain temperature levels and applications only a small number of materials have been successfully tested, MgCl2 * 6 H2O and CaCl2 * 6 H2O being most promising for temperature levels useful for space and water heating [11] and Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 for higher temperature levels > 500 K [12, 13]. Whilst Ca(OH)2 shows good reactivity and overall behaviour, whilst being only relevant for high-temperature heat storage, Mg(OH)2 and the hydrated sulphates more or less showed less sufficient reactivity in the hydration process. The chloride salt hydrates on the other hand, whilst showing good reactivity under all circumstances, are known to be quite corrosive and show a certain tendency to over-hydrate, developing a gel-like consistency which significantly hinders the ability to store and release heat [11]. Moreover, when using MgCl2 * 6 H2O, care is to be taken, as the material shows thermal decomposition releasing HCl above certain temperatures. Whereas different sources state that thermal decomposition of MgCl2 * 6 H2O starts at temperatures above 130-140°C, our own observations during first experiments (not published) at low pressures, which are considered interesting due to possible better water uptake, as well as easier water evaporation [14], show slight acid formation even at lower temperatures around 115°C. Therefore, a method has been developed to systematically conduct hydrations/dehydration measurements using TGA/DSC on hydrated salts and other materials. Particularly composites, which are considered as providing possible solutions to over-hydration as well as power density and cycling stability/thermal decomposition issues and potentially helpful in optimizing materials for different applications, are investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS EXPERIMENTAL SETUP A TGA/DSC1 (Mettler) has been used to analyze heat fluxes and changes in sample mass during hydration and dehydration experiments. The Mettler TGA/DSC1 provides the opportunity to introduce two different reaction gases into the TGA/DSC oven in addition to the purge gas. We used CaCl2 and silica gel-dried nitrogen as purge gas at a flow rate of 50 ml/min. The gas flow was controlled by a gas box providing 2 independent mass flow controllers connected to the TGA/DSC control. In addition to the purge gas flow, we used a separate nitrogen flow humidified via a thermostatised gas bubbler flask as the reaction gas with variable flows, varying from 25 – 150 ml/min. The humidity of the mixture gas was measured at the oven outlet and used for calculation of the water vapour partial pressure inside the TGA/DSC oven. Figure 1: Experimental setupPDF Image | THERMOCHEMICAL STORAGE MATERIALS RESEARCH
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