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1. Introduction The increase in energy consumption in every society leads to serious environmental problems, especially global warming and resource depletion. Thus, in order to reduce such problems use of renewable energies, energy recovery and energy conservation are inevitable. At present, there are large quantities of low-temperature energy released to the environment such as industrial waste heat and solar energy. These can be utilized by transforming them to high-temperature energy. This goal can be achieved by using heat pumps. There are various types of heat pump. The most widely used heat pump in industry is mechanical heat pumps. However, their performance is quite limited. Even the most advanced systems can deliver thermal energy at maximum temperature of 110°C, which cannot be used as a practical heating source. Moreover, they are often with high operating cost and low efficiency. Another type is absorption heat pumps. They deliver high temperature energy and can be designed at large-scale for industrial application. Their limitation is the requirement of large pressure shifts among system components, which result in high operating costs and maintenance problems. To overcome the drawbacks of these two types of heat pump, thermochemical heat pumps have been proposed, and more than 250 chemical processes have been investigated. The thermochemical heat pumps can provide high temperature energy required for industrial sectors by taking advantage of the heat of reversible reactions. 2. Operation principal of a thermochemical heat pump The process of adsorption is a reversible process by which a gas or liquid molecules are fixed onto a solid matrix, typically a surface or a porous material. When the molecules are fixed, they loose some energy, so adsorption is exothermic. The reverse process is called dsorption and it is endothermic. The adsorption process involves separation of a substance from one phase accompanied by its accumulation or concentration at the surface of another. The adsorbing phase is the adsorbent, and the material concentrated or adsorbed at the surface of that phase is the adsorbate. Adsorption is thus different from absorption, a process in which material transferred from one phase to another (e.g. liquid) interpenetrates the second phase to form a "solution". The term sorption is a general expression encompassing both processes. Physical adsorption is caused mainly by van der Waals forces and electrostatic forces between adsorbate molecules and the atoms which compose the adsorbent surface, figure 1. Thus adsorbents are characterized first by surface properties such as surface area and 3PDF Image | Thermochemical Heat Pump
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