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R046, Page 1 Analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide heat exchangers in cooling process Yang CHEN*, 1, Per LUNDQVIST 2 1 M.Sc., Royal Institute of Technology, Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration, Dept. of Energy Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Tel: +46(0)790 7435, Fax: +46(0)8 20 41 61 E-Mail: yang.chen@energy.kth.se * Author for correspondence 2 Ph.D., Docent, Royal Institute of Technology, Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration, Dept. of Energy Technology, Stockholm, Sweden Tel: +46(0)790 7452, Fax: +46 (0)8 20 41 61 E-Mail: Per.Lundqvist@energy.kth.se ABSTRACT Carbon dioxide transcritical cycles have become more and more investigated during the last decade. For all systems operating with such a cycle, there will be at least one heat exchanger to either heat or cool the supercritical carbon dioxide. Unlike in the sub-critical region, the supercritical carbon dioxide’s thermophysical properties will have sharp variations in the region close to its critical point. This variation has a significant influence on the shape of the heat exchanger’s temperature profile and the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger. Therefore, the performance of the heat exchanger used for supercritical carbon dioxide cooling or heating process should be evaluated by taking this effect into account. This paper discusses the heat exchangers used for supercritical carbon dioxide refrigeration process including a suction gas heat exchanger in the cycle. Engineering Equation Solver (EES)1 and Refprop 7.02 are used for cycle calculations and for properties calculations. 1. INTRODUCTION Carbon dioxide is an environmental benign natural working fluid. With the increasing concern for environmental problems caused by the use of synthetic working fluids in different heating and cooling systems, the research on carbon dioxide transcritcal cycles has aroused increasing interest since the last decade. Compared to the systems that operate with other working fluids, systems operating with carbon dioxide have many advantages: Carbon dioxide is inexpensive and abundant in the nature. Compared with other natural working fluids, it is more chemically stable and reliable (i.e. non-explosive, non-corrosive). Further, due to its relatively high working pressure, the carbon dioxide system is more compact than the system operating with other working fluids. Therefore, carbon dioxide has been investigated for use as working fluid in many applications: refrigerators, heat pumps (Kim et al. 2004) but also for power production (Feher 1967, Dostal et al. 2004, Chen et al. 2005) for instance. Unless being used as a secondary working fluid in indirect system for refrigeration applications in supermarkets, the corresponding cycles for carbon dioxide systems in all these applications will be transcritical cycles (for refrigeration/heat pump and power production applications) or entirely supercritical cycles (for power production applications). The main difference between these two types of cycles is weather the cycle is partly located in the supercritical region or totally located in the supercritical region. Unlike in the sub-critical region, the thermophysical properties of a supercritical working fluid will have sharp variations in the region close to its critical point. This characteristic will greatly influence the heat transfer characteristics and the temperature profile of the heat exchanger if it operates near the critical point. Consequently, this characteristic will have a significant influence on the heat exchanger size in different applications of the carbon dioxide transcritical cycles. Therefore, the performance of the heat exchanger used for supercritical carbon dioxide cooling or heating process should be evaluated by taking this effect into account. The specific heat (Cp), which is 1 Engineering Equation Solver: http://www.fchart.com/ees/ees.shtml 2 Refprop 7.0: http://www.nist.gov/srd/nist23.htm International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, July 17-20, 2006PDF Image | Analysis of Supercritical CO2 Heat Exchangers in Cooling
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