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A10. Shallow geothermal heat only All data in the overview (table A11) are based on estimates by GIA (Mongillo, 2007). Costs in 2030 might have come down to €18 /GJ (range €2.5 to 82 /GJ) mainly due to expected lower investments and an increased coefficient of performance (COP). Table A11 Cost parameters for shallow* geothermal heat only in 2005 (excluding VAT) and projections to 2030** Shallow geothermal heat only Data for base year 2005 Extrapolation to 2030 Minimum Average Maximum Unit Investment cost 200 500 1150 2005€/kWth -15% COP* 3.0 4.0 5.0 - +33% Auxiliary energy needed 240 500 933 kWhe/kW/yr n/a - cost 0.05 0.15 0.2 2005€/kWhe +25% O&M 4 9 15 2005€/kWth/yr -15% Full load hours heating**** 1 200 2 000 2 800 hrs/yr 0% Lifetime 20 25 30 yr +20% Interest rate 5 10 15 %/yr +10% 134 Investment heat-related Annuity Annual investment payment Annual auxiliary energy cost Annual O&M cost Energy produced per year 200 6.5 13 12 4 1 200 500 11.0 55 75 9 2 000 1 150 16.0 184 187 15 2 800 2005€/kWth %/yr 2005€/kWth/yr 2005€/kWth/yr 2005€/kWth/yr kWhth/kW/yr Total energy cost - investment 1.3 8 43 2005€/GJ -16% to -10% - fuel 0.0 0 0 2005€/GJ 0% - auxiliary energy 1.2 10 43 2005€/GJ -6% - O&M 0.4 1 3 2005€/GJ -15% Total 2.9 19 89 2005€/GJ -12% to -8% *The other major shallow direct uses not included here are bathing/swimming pools (30.4% of total direct use) and non-district space heating (3.4%). **Covers worldwide systems for the base year 2005, and projected relative differences by 2030. Neither a reference system nor avoided costs due to fuel savings are incorporated. Installation costs are included but heat distribution costs are not. *** Assumes geothermal heat pumps only which make up 32% of total direct heat use (current technology provides the higher COPs listed here) **** 1200 hours operation assumed for USA; 2 000 hrs for Europe; 2 800 hrs for northern Europe and Canada. Output data Intermediate Input data resultsPDF Image | RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING
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