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86 of renewable heat. Although there are no fixed targets, SwissEnergy has identified possible annual increased contributions of heat from solar thermal to be 15% growth per year, 1.8 PJ /yr from GHPs, and 10 MW new capacity per year from geothermal. A Swiss Heat Pump Promotion Group was established as part of the marketing strategy of the Energy 2000 Action Plan and to lead promotional efforts such as training, quality assurance, and after-sales service. Subsidies of €200 per kW20 were offered. SwissEnergy, the successor program to the Energy 2000 Action Plan, builds cooperation between the federal government, Swiss cantons, and local authorities with industrial, consumer, and environmental organizations and public and private sector agencies by implementing voluntary measures based on performance mandates. Based upon these performance mandates, target agreements are established with companies and sectors specifying binding targets for each partner involved (SwissEnergy, 2004). In addition, SwissEnergy provide lump sum payments for cantons, information campaigns, and RD&D programs and continued many of the activities of the Energy 2000 Action Plan. Although all direct incentives for renewable energies available under the Energy 2000 Action Plan were eliminated, SwissEnergy established important voluntary financial contributions to cantonal programs for renewable heat (IEA, 2004). A new phase of the SwissEnergy programme for the period 2006-2010 was designed in 2005 and was implemented at the beginning of 2006. Under SwissEnergy, the Swiss Geothermal Society was given the responsibility of promoting geothermal energy at the national level. The network of experts that was created under this framework aimed to target 4 main activity areas within its promotional scheme: information, marketing, education, and quality assurance. As part of this national promotional scheme, various brochures on geothermal heat have been produced, Geothermie Newsletters have been published, and a database created with people and organizations in Switzerland involved in geothermal energies as part of the information branch. Regular university lectures and various workshops have been organized as part of the education support. In addition, a quality label was introduced in 2002 for the entire geothermal heat pump system as part of the quality assurance activity requirements. The activities of the Swiss Geothermal Society helped enforce the success of this package of incentives. Financing Approximately half of the total budget of the Energy2000 Action Plan was allocated to renewable energies. Between 1990 and 1997 the average annual expenditure for renewables was €13.7 M. This increased by 2000 in the last 3 years of its lifetime to between €21.5 M and €22.9 M. Approximately 46.5% of funding for this early programme went to promotional activities including direct incentives for the purchase of new renewable systems. A further 37.5% went to RD&D and 16% to pilot and demonstration projects (IEA, 2004). In 2003 the total SwissEnergy budget was €33.6 M but dropped to €27.5 M in 2004. For all renewables, a voluntary annual investment of €6.1 M has been allocated from private companies and the Swiss cantons. Heat pumps, based on air and water as well as geothermal, received €0.82 M in 2003 (SwissEnergy, 2004). In addition the promotional programme for geothermal energy was allocated a budget of €170 000 in 2001 and €310 000 in 2002, the first two years of its operation. Market growth Roughly 18% of the renewable heat generated in Switzerland is from geothermal heat pumps (SwissEnergy, 2004). In 2005 Switzerland had an installed capacity of 609 MW of direct geothermal heat, generating 20. Exchange rate: CHF 1 = €0.61.PDF Image | RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING
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