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Recognising that financial incentives are only one of many influencing factors, in order to obtain the greatest increase in REHC per € of investment, it is recommended to implement a package of incentives, possibly including carrot, stick and guidance measures. The policies should be long term and coherent and aimed at specific technologies. Since solar thermal technology, for example, is less mature than say biomass combustion, it can require greater government investment per unit of useful heat output. Moreover, for policies to be best suited to a given region, they should relate to any external factors, including the local status of a technology and its market. Good policy practices Examples of successful policies for solar, biomass and geothermal technologies for each category of policy instrument, were selected to indicate the potential for resulting deployment of REHC projects (Table 7). In addition market-led examples were included in order to provide an understanding of external influences on the growth of renewable heating markets, such as the good availability of competitive renewable resources and the unreliability of some conventional heating fuels. Examples were chosen based upon the status of the technology market in a given country (market leaders), degree of innovation, relevance to the category, and on the advice of the IEA implementing agreements for Solar Heating and Cooling, Bioenergy and Geothermal. Table 7 Examples of good policy practices for solar, biomass and geothermal heat across carrot, stick, and guidance policies together with market-led examples. Sticks Spain: Barcelona Solar Thermal Ordinance Denmark: regulations for biomass heat supply New Zealand 12 Iceland 79 Solar thermal Biomass heat Geothermal Carrots Germany: Market Incentive Programme Sweden: Tax Incentives Switzerland: SwissEnergy Programme Guidance Austria: Subsidies & Information Scheme Canada: REDI Information and Capital Subsidy Program Sweden: Technology Procurement Market-led China Carrots (Table 7) Solar thermal: The German market incentive programme The Marktanreizprogramm (MAP) has successfully supported the growth of the solar thermal market since September 1999. Although it has been criticized for there being fluctuations in annual funding (see below), it has brought Germany to the forefront of worldwide solar thermal market penetration by means of long-term support grants; long-term and low interest loans (to a lesser extent); and the partial release of debts for solar thermal installations. Additional support for solar thermal was provided by the parallel Solarthermie 2000 programme and the subsequent 2004 Solarthermie 2000 plus programme that focused on larger applications and connections to district heating grids. 12. No relevant example could be found within the timeframe of the project for a stick-based policy in support of geothermal.PDF Image | RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING
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