PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 078
76 level. Differences in land area and population add further factors for consideration. Again, it was felt that the simple analysis of effectiveness as presented here is sufficient to provide a basis for drawing conclusions regarding designing a policy for renewable heat, but the key national differences also need to be taken into account. The compounding influence of complimentary stick and guidance-based policies must not be forgotten. Although this analysis is based strictly upon government budgets for subsidy/grant carrot-based incentive schemes, the renewable heat generated is undoubtedly influenced by the presence of additional support mechanisms. In Sweden for example, in addition to the subsidies for biomass, the high energy taxes placed on conventional fuels also have an effect by increasing the cost-competitiveness of biomass heat. Such factors have not been accounted for in this analysis. Results In this preliminary analysis, national policies were categorised in terms of government investment budget (averaged over the 6 year period 2000-2005) and heat generated for each specific technology over the same period. There was no clear correlation amongst the data presented for solar thermal, bioenergy or combination of technologies (Figs. 33, 34 and 35) which may be explained, at least in part, by quantitative uncertainties. Several broad conclusions may nevertheless be drawn. More financial support was allocated for biomass heat than for solar thermal or geothermal heat. As a result, there was a significantly higher annual increase in biomass heat generated per capita than for the other technologies. Sweden and Denmark had the highest average annual increase in biomass heat having invested most heavily in subsidies and grants for biomass technologies on a per capita basis (Figure 33). In contrast, Germany and Canada also saw an increase in biomass heat (possibly due to the good resources available), but with significantly lower financial support. The amount invested per unit change of renewable heat generated from the 2000 baseline is of greatest interest: the lower the financial contribution per increase in heat the better. For biomass, Germany and Canada are the leaders with Sweden and Spain as a distant third and fourth. The effectiveness of Swedish and Canadian policies is not surprising given the resource is exceptional in comparison with others countries surveyed. Germany, with a somewhat lower biomass resource, also had a good increase in biomass heat generation in terms of investment per capita. Both Germany and Sweden have implemented an Ecotax on fossil fuels which has supported biomass heat generation. Germany has additional incentives through its Combined Heat and Power Law, financed by the final consumer rather than through the public purse. As such, the results of German incentives are not all reflected in the government budget. For solar thermal technologies a much lower public budget was allocated between 2000 and 2005 by all the countries surveyed. The amount of heat generated by solar thermal is also on a much lower scale. Germany achieved the highest increase in solar water heating, but invested more per capita than any other nation surveyed (Figure 34).The UK and Spain were most successful in stimulating solar thermal heating for the lowest per capita investment. The primary mechanisms for support in the UK are subsidy/grant schemes, but education and guidance schemes have also been an important component of the support package. Investment in creating greater public awareness may have contributed to this successful uptake, which is especially remarkable due to the relatively poor solar resource. Spain, by contrast, has a better solar resource and much of the development has been the result of their regional obligations for solar thermal heat. These mandates require very little if any public investment, thus improving the amount of solar heat generated per € invested.PDF Image | RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING
PDF Search Title:
RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLINGOriginal File Name Searched:
renewable_heating_cooling_final_web.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |