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Power Production from a Moderate Temp Geothermal Resource

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Power Production from a Moderate Temp Geothermal Resource ( power-production-from-moderate-temp-geothermal-resource )

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The rotational speed of the turbo-compressor is immediately reversed after shutdown. The time required for pressure equalization depends on the amount of refrigerant charge in the condenser and evaporator relative to the size of the compressor and whether or not the cooling tower and chilled water pumps are stopped. Pressure equalization takes typically place within half a minute. One of the qualification tests a water-cooled chiller centrifugal compressor has to go through during its development phase is the sudden power failure test. Since the heat transfer between refrigerant and water is reversed during pressure equalization, the entering condenser water is temporarily cooled down and the water entering the cooler/evaporator is temporarily warmed up. Figure 2 compares chiller behavior at normal operating conditions versus that after shut down during pressure equalization. T Twater= 250C Twater= 300C TC Twater= 100C Evaporator Condenser Figure 2. Comparison of normal and shut-down operation of a centrifugal chiller During the development of the 19XR centrifugal chiller, which uses a compressor with a discrete passage diffuser as opposed to the vaneless diffuser concept used on previous designs, high reverse rotational speed was observed after shutdown. Reverse rotational speeds up to 75% of the original speed were now seen. The explanation for this phenomenon is that the discrete diffuser passages introduced for better pressure recovery in the diffuser and therefore higher compressor efficiency act as perfect turbine nozzles during pressure equalization. This observation triggered the idea to actually use this compressor as a turbine. Figure 3 shows how the impeller/pipe diffuser combination of a centrifugal compressor can act as the perfect nozzle/rotor combination for a radial inflow turbine when flow direction and rotor speed are reversed. Figure 3. Comparison of centrifugal compressor and radial inflow turbine operation 19XR/XR

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