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Contraction and Convergence Some have promoted the idea of ‘contraction and convergence’ as a long-term strategy for managing global GHG emissions. Contraction refers to a global cap which would be set on worldwide emissions, together with an overall reduction trajectory for the century ahead. Emissions entitlements would be allocated on a per capita basis under the global cap and trading would be permitted. Emissions entitlements would converge over time towards equal per capita emission rights for all countries, so that total emissions allowances to countries are proportional to population. Proponents of the system of contraction and convergence argue that it is equitable (being based on population) and that it would be truly global, involving the participation of all countries. COP/MOP The Conference of Parties of the FCCC will serve as the ‘MOP’ (Meeting Of Parties, the supreme body of the Kyoto Protocol) but only Parties to the Kyoto Protocol may participate in deliberations and make decisions. Until the Protocol enters into force, the MOP cannot meet. Credit for Early Action Some governments have suggested giving credit for action taken before 2008. The intent would be to stimulate investment in GHG abatement projects in developed countries in the years prior to 2008. Under the Kyoto Protocol, Annex B governments cannot receive credits towards their emissions obligations for actions aimed at reducing GHG emissions prior to the first commitment period (2008–12), except under the Clean Development Mechanism (i.e. in developing countries only). Governments may choose to give domestic credits prior to the first commitment period. Dangerous GHG Concentration The ultimate objective of the Climate Change Convention is the stabilization of atmospheric GHG concentrations at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference with the climate system. To date, dangerous remains undefined, and no official body has taken or been assigned responsibility to provide a definition. For now the IPCC has concluded that defining dangerous is a political decision. The Third Assessment Report is evaluating the potential impacts of different GHG concentration scenarios ranging between 450 and 750 ppmv CO2. For each CO2 stabilization scenario, including different pathways to stabilization, the IPCC will evaluate the range of costs and benefits of climate change, in terms of sea level rise, water stress, biodiversity, social and economic impacts, possibilities for adaptation, technological change, policies and measures among others. Any political decision over what constitutes a dangerous GHG concentration would have major implications for the emissions control policies for all countries, as it would ultimately set an absolute level of emissions globally. 10PDF Image | Organisations in Different Renewables
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