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D APPENDIX D: TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY operation and ~900oC for non-slagging operation). As the gasifier fuel-to-air ratio increases, the resulting concentrations of CO and H2 increase, leading to higher caloric- valued product gas. Entrained-Flow Section Pebble-Bed Section Slag- Collection Bath Syngas High-Temperature Preheated Air And Coal/Wastes Figure D.15: Schematic diagram of the multi-stage extraction gasifier, slagging configuration. The use of high temperature preheated air is especially advantageous for the gasification of biomass fuels, such as dairy-farm wastes. Biomass feedstocks are usually modest in heat content (usually ~45% Carbon, 5.8% Hydrogen, 38% Oxygen, 2% Nitrogen, 0.3% sulfur, and the remainder ash). If such fuels are used in conventional, air-blown gasification processes, the energy released during the gasification process is often insufficient to provide the necessary temperature for complete gasification of the fuel, leading to poor conversion efficiencies and low caloric-valued fuel gas. Such fuel gas would have limited economic value. As a result, oxygen must be used in such a conventional biomass-fired gasifier to increase the heat value of the product gas. Pebble-bed filters of the slagging multi-stage extraction gasifier can consist of several layers of alumina spheres, the consistency based on the coal/waste fuel characteristics. There is much room for development in this area. A biomass gasifier coupled to an advanced gas turbine can generate electricity with much higher efficiency and lower pollution than direct combustion. Additionally, there is the potential that new biological and enzymatic processes can greatly boost the efficiency of ethanol production. References 1. “Recovering energy waste in Sweden – a systems engineering study,” Soderman, M.L., Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 38, 89-121, 2003. 2. “High-temperature, air-blown gasification of dairy-farm wastes for energy production,” Young, L, Pian, C., Energy 28, 655-672, 2003. 129PDF Image | Analysis for Recovering Energy from Industrial Waste Heat
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