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D APPENDIX D: TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY Figure D.4: History of thermoelectric figure of merit improvement, ZT, at 300 K. Since the discovery of the thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3 and its alloys with Sb and Se in the 1950s, no bulk material with (ZT)300K > 1 has been discovered. Recent studies in nanostructured thermoelectric materials have led to a sudden increase in (ZT)300K > 1. Source: Science, Vol 303, Issue 5659, 777-778, 6 February 2004. Potential commercial markets for thermoelectric devices include: • Power generation from high and low temperature waste sources. • Replace conventional cooling and refrigeration systems. • Cooling for High temperature semiconductors, microprocessors, and multi-chip modules. • Power for hybrid electric vehicles. • Alternator replacement. • Self-powered engine pre-heaters. • Self-powered gas furnaces and heaters. • Remote power sources. References 1. A. Majumdar, Science, Vol 303, Issue 5659, 777-778, 6 February 2004. 2. G. Mahan, B. Sales, J. Sharp, Phys. Today 50, 42 (March 1997). 3. H. K. Lyeo et al., Science 303, 816 (2004). 4. K. F. Hsu et al., Science 303, 818 (2004). 5. F. J. DiSalvo, Science 285, 703 (1999). 6. L. D. Hicks, M. S. Dresselhaus, Phys. Rev. B 47, 12727(1993) [APS]. 7. L. D. Hicks and M. S. Dresselhaus, Phys. Rev. B 47, 16631 (1993) [APS]. 8. R. Venkatasubramanian, E. Siivola, T. Colpitts, B. O'Quinn, Nature 413, 597 (2001). 9. T. C. Harman et al., Science 297, 2229 (2002). 10. D. Li et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 3186 (2003). 11. D. G. Cahill et al., J. Appl. Phys. 93, 793 (2003). 106PDF Image | Analysis for Recovering Energy from Industrial Waste Heat
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