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4 SUMMARY CHAPTER4: SUMMARY United States industry consumed 32.5 Quads (34,300 PJ) during 2003, or 33.1% of total U.S. energy consumption [5]. This industrial complex and related energy consumption supports a multi-trillion dollar annual contribution to the gross domestic product and millions of jobs in the United States. However, beyond the valuable goods and products yielded by this nationwide enterprise, the manufacturing processes and related energy consumption also yields waste products in the form of chemical emissions and thermal emissions (waste heat). These waste products have residual energy values that are not routinely recovered. Recovering and reusing these waste products may represent a significant opportunity to improve the energy efficiency of the U.S. industrial complex. This report analyzed the opportunity to recover chemical emissions and thermal emissions from the U.S. industry and the barriers and pathways to more effectively capitalize on these opportunities. A survey was conducted of publicly available literature to determine the amount of energy in industrial emissions and to identify technology opportunities for capturing and redeploying this energy. As shown in the table below, this analysis identified 2180 PJ, or 2 Quads of residual energy from chemical emissions. Since landfills are not traditionally considered industrial organizations, the industry component of the emissions that had residual chemical fuel value were 1482 PJ, or 1.4 Quads. This represents approximately 4.3% of the total energy used by U.S. industry. Mining Agriculture Landfill Petroleum systems Petroleum refinery Natural gas systems Chemicals (Cl2 production) Industry Oil & gas, mining, waste combustion, industrial fossil combustion, miscellaneous industrial processes Total NMVOC Total energy content Gas CH4 CH4 CH4 CH4 H2 CH4 H2 CO NMVOC Emissions (Tg) 2.89 7.72 12.5324 1.01 0.02 5.59 0.29 10.3 7.27 PJ 161 430 698 56 10 311 42 104 368 2180 Energy Trillion Btu 153 408 662 53 295 40 99 349 2066 9 Energetics Incorporated conducted a comprehensive study investigating the opportunity to reduce energy use and loss in industry [34]. This analysis summarizes these findings to quantify the thermal emissions from U.S. industry. As shown in the table on the next page, 10,500 PJ, or 10 Quads of thermal emissions, were identified from U.S. industrial processes. The table also describes the origin of these emissions. This represents approximately 30.8% of the total energy used by U.S. industry. 24 Includes energy captured from CH4 that is currently flared. 77PDF Image | Analysis for Recovering Energy from Industrial Waste Heat
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